Roman Expansion Punic Wars Objectives Describe why Romes

Roman Expansion Punic Wars

Objectives • Describe why Rome’s expansion in Italy was successful. • Explain how Rome won an empire.

Key Terms • Legion • Punic Wars

Key People/Peoples • Carthage • Hannibal

Roman Expansion • With a partner, list the factors that helped Rome become a military power. • You will have 3 minutes to complete this challenge.

Roman Expansion 1. Toughness in character and a genius for warfare and diplomacy. 2. Knew how to win battles and how to gain allies through lenient treatment of defeated enemies. 3. Roman farmers made an excellent soldier. 1. Strong enough to carry 60 pounds and march 30 miles in a day.

Roman Expansion 1. Strength of army lay in its superior discipline and organization. 2. Adopted improved phalanx fighting style. 3. Basic army unit – Legion. 1. ***3 to 6 thousand foot soldiers and 100 or more cavalry.

Roman Expansion 1. Allies helped Rome conqueror all of Italy. 1. Rome made allies of some former enemies by giving them protection, Roman citizenship, and selfgovernment. 2. In return Rome gained new foreign soldiers. 3. More than half of Rome’s army was made up of allies.

Punic Wars • Who fought during the Punic Wars? Rome vs. Carthage

First Punic War – 264 -241 B. C. • Rome – stronger army • Carthage - Stronger navy • ***Fighting for control of Italy and surrounding islands • Rome built a navy and won battles on land sea. • Carthage surrendered in 241 B. C. and gave Sicily to Rome.

Carthage gives Sicily to Rome upon surrendering.

Second Punic War 218 -202 B. C. • Hannibal’s invasion of Italy. • In 218 Hannibal invaded northern Italy. • He crossed the Alps and attacked with an army and a secret weapon. • What was the secret weapon? • Elephants

Second Punic War 218 -202 B. C. • Battle of Cannae • – 216 B. C. • Hannibal faked a retreat and killed or captured 50, 000 Romans. • Rome feared Hannibal would attack Rome.

Second Punic War 218 -202 B. C. • Scipio’s invasion of North Africa. • Scipio attacked Spain, preventing Carthage from sending help to Hannibal. • In 204 B. C. Scipio invaded North Africa. • Battle of Zama – 202 B. C. Scipio defeated Hannibal. Ends War. • Carthage gave more land to Rome for the peace treaty.

Third Punic War – 146 B. C. • In 146 B. C. Rome attacked Carthage. • Burned Carthage to the ground and sold survivors into slavery. • Poisoned the ground with salt so nothing could grow.

Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean • With a partner, discuss what the effect of the defeat of Carthage by Rome had on the rest of the Mediterranean World. • You will have 3 minutes to complete this assignment.

Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean • 196 B. C. Rome defeated Macedonians and took over as “Protector” of the Greek citystates in Asia Minor. • By 133 B. C. Rome extended its rule over the entire Mediterranean.

Objectives • Describe why Rome’s expansion in Italy was successful. – People in Italy were grateful to have the protection of the Roman empire. • Explain how Rome won an empire. – Conquered many lands and gave the people rights.

Key Terms • Legion – Roman army • Punic Wars – Wars between Carthage and Rome

Key People/Peoples • Carthage – Rome fought them in the Punic Wars / colony in Northern Africa • Hannibal – Carthagian general / defeated Romans at Cannae

Roman Expansion Punic Wars