Roman Culture and Society Lecture 8 Army Augustus

Roman Culture and Society Lecture 8 Army

Augustus: Prima Porta statue

Auxiliary Diploma

Vindolanda tablets

Ostraca (at the British Museum) from the Eastern Empire

Idle hands are the devil’s workshop (part 1): Rooftiles & Milestones in Britain

Soldier’s tombstone from Brixia

Trajan’s Column

Arch of Titus

Coin of Caligula

Can anyone guess what this is?

Coin of Augustus

Coin of Domitian – Conquest of Germany

Hadrian salutes the troops (minted in Roman Britain) at the BM

Ground plan of camp at Novaesium

Augusta Praetoria (Aosta)

Plan of Dura Europos (Syria)

Aerial Photo of Dura Europos

Idle hands are the devils workshop: Part 2: Ramps & Walls Above: Hadrian’s wall (Britain) (2 nd c. AD) Below: Ramp to scale the Judean Hillfort Masada (1 st. C. AD)

Inchtuthil

Mithras

British Museum Mithras (from Rome)

Mithras in Dura

The Roman Army in Bath

Tomb of a Roman Soldier in Lincoln (now at the British Museum) To Gaius Saufeius son of Gaius, of the Fabian voting tribe, from Heraclea, soldier of the 9 th legion, aged 40, 22 years of service He lies here

Legionary with pilum

Roman Army in Testudo (tortoise) Formation

Battle at Caer Caradoc AD 51 Account in Tacitus Annales 12. 33 -38 Briton Cheiftain Caratacus Vs Roman P. Ostorius Scapula. Step 3: Scale fort Break Briton line Between legions & auxilaries Step 2: Testudo form; remove stone ramparts Step 1 Forge river

Leamington Spa

Battle of Cannae

Polybius "The outer ranks were continually struck down and survivors forced to huddle together, they were finally killed where they stood' Livy: “No other nation in the world could have suffered so tremendous a series of disasters and not have been overwhelmed”. ”

Triumph on Tapestry (Hermitage)

Flavian Amphitheatre

Orange, arch

Victory in Rome: Trajan’s Forum

Trajan’s Column

Tropaeum Traiani/ Adamclissi

Domitian or Trajan? • [I]mp. [Caes. divi Nervae f. Nerva Traianus Aug. G]e[rm. Dacic. pont. max. tri]b pot. [XIII cos. v. p. p. in honorem et] memoriam fortis[simorum virorum qui Bello Dacic]o pro re p. morte occubu[erunt monumentum fecit] – CIL III 14214, updated by Dorutiu (1961) • [I]mp. [Caes. divi Vespasiani f. Domitianus Aug. G]e[rmanicus pont. max. tri]b. pot. [vii imp. xiv cos xiii…]

The Death of Decabalus: Same Scene Different monument

Trajan’s Trophy, 1896 + 1977

Scenes from Adamklissi