Roman Conquests The Expansion of Rome Entry 9

Roman Conquests: The Expansion of Rome Entry # 9

Objective • Explain the importance of the Punic Wars to Roman history

The Punic Wars (246 BCE-146 BCE) Phases of the War Phase 1: 264 BCE-244 BCE Phase 2: 218 BCE-201 BCE Phase 3: 149 BCE-146 BCE

Carthage • Carthage – Phoenician citystate in N. Africa – Grew to an empire due to its successful sea trade

The Western Mediterranean in 264 BCE.

1 st Punic War (264 -244 BCE) • Reason for war: – Control of the Mediterranean Sea • Rome dominates on water with Navy – Takes Sicily…invades Africa • Rome wins A Roman Corvus, or boarding device. It was the reason why Rome was able to win the 1 st Punic War

2 nd Punic War (218 -201 BCE) • Carthage invades Italian Peninsula • Hannibal, the great Carthaginian General, decides to invade the Italian Peninsula, marches toward Rome • Seeks to destroy Rome…wins every battle on Roman soil

Hannibal’s invasion route of the Italian Peninsula during the 3 rd Century BCE. Predict the problem Hannibal has in getting the Romans to surrender.

The Alps mountains. Predict what problems Hannibal may have had crossing the mountains Painting of Hannibal crossing over the Italian Alps

The Battle of Cunnae • Hannibal destroys a much larger Roman army • Attacks Roman cavalry

Hannibal’s Only Mistake • Hannibal NEVER attacks Rome • Hannibal has to returns to Carthage due to invasion by Roman General Scipio Africanus

The Battle of Zama (202)

The Importance of the Punic Wars 1. Romans now control coastal areas of Spain, Africa, and Middle East 2. Lands divided into provinces (self-governed areas)