Roman Civilization Life in Ancient Rome Roman Culture

Roman Civilization

Life in Ancient Rome

Roman Culture • Greek statues, buildings, and ideas • difference

What was Roman Art Like? • Greek style statues • Greek style porches and rows of columns – Adding arches and domes • Roman firsts – Make full use of the arch – concrete • Colosseum • Parthenon

Aqueducts and buildings

Roman Literature • • Based mostly on Greek writings Virgil Horace Ovid Catullus Seneca Plautus and Terence

• • Roman Science and Engineering Galen Ptolemy Roads Aqueducts

Volcanic ash , lime, and water

Daily Life in Rome • • Rome – 1 of largest cities in world Forum Wealthy – houses Poor – apartment buildings • Bread and circuses

How was the Forum important to the ancient Romans?

List some pros and cons of holding sports figures up as heroes and the responsibilities that major sports figures have to the public.

What was Family Life like? • Large families • Father – head – paterfamilias • Becoming a man

Women in Rome • • • Some rights Not full citizens Freedoms Couldn’t sit with men Empress Livia

Treatment of Enslaved People • • Grew with conquered lands 40% by 100 B. C. Jobs Greeks Life Revolt Spartacus

Roman Religion • • Gods and goddesses Roman emperors Altars Philosophy

Review 1. What were some of Ptolemy’s scientific achievements? 2. How were the Roman and Greek religions similar? 3. Explain the importance of the language of the Romans. 4. Describe the education of Roman children.

Greek Art Roman Art Greek Architecture Roman Architecture

Greek Art Roman Art Sculptors tried to show an ideal image. Sculptors made realistic statues. Greek Architecture Roman Architecture Used porches and colonnades Borrowed Greek styles; used the arch, vault, dome, and concrete

The Fall of Rome

The Decline of Rome • Marcus Aurelius • Commodus • Severans

Political and Social Problems • 22 different emperors • Corruption • Talented people refused to serve in gov’t • Fewer – honoring the old ideals of duty, courage, and honesty. – Attending schools • Large # enslaved

Economic and Military Problems • Law and order broke down • Roman soldiers and invaders seized crops and destroyed fields. • Grew less crops • Businesses closed • Leave jobs and serve in army • Plague • Inflation

Inflation • • • Less gold in coins Make extra coins Pay for more things People find out. Barter

Write a journal entry describing life in a Roman city during the 200 s A. D. (React to at least one of the political, social, economic, and military problems that led to disorder and decline. )

How do the social, economic, and political problems of Ancient Rome compare to the current problems in the USA?

Invasion • • Germanic tribes – W Persian – E Couldn’t enlist and pay Roman soldiers Used Germanic warriors – not loyal

Diocletian’s Reforms • • • AD 284 – emperor Reforms Divided empire into 4 parts Set prices of goods Workers

Constantine • • • Emperor – AD 312 Orders Byzantium Hippodrome Constantinople

Empire after Constantine • Theodosius • Western and Eastern Roman Empire

Invasion of Rome • • Germanic groups Huns Visigoths Battle of Adrianople

Visigoths invading Rome What leader did the Visigoths overthrow to take control of Rome?

More Germanic tribes • • • Rhine River froze Alaric Rome’s capture Vandals Vandalism

The fall of Rome • • • Odoacer Romulus Augustulus Theodoric Western Roman Empire fades Byzantine Empire

The Legacy of Rome • • • Language Ideas about gov’t USA system of laws Buildings Peace and order allowed Christian religion to spread.

Roman Ideas and Government Today • • • 1 st written laws (Twelve Tables) All people are equal under the law. Judges decide fairly. Innocent till proven guilty Republic made of equal citizens is best form of gov’t. • Republic works best if citizens do their duty, participate in gov’t, and work to make their society even better.

First Twenty Roman Numerals I=1 II = 2 III = 3 IV = 4 V=5 VI = 6 XI = 11 XVI = 16 VII = 7 XII = 12 XVII = 17 VIII = 8 XIII = 13 XVIII = 18 IX = 9 XIV = 14 XIX = 19 X = 10 XV = 15 XX = 20

Numerals by 10’s X = 10 XX = 20 XXX = 30 XL = 40 L = 50 • LX = 60 • LXX = 70 • LXXX = 80 • XC = 90 • C = 100

Numerals by 100’s C = 100 CC = 200 CCC = 300 CD = 400 C = 500 • DC = 600 • DCC = 700 • DCCC = 800 • CM = 900 • M = 1, 000

“My Dear Cousin Loves e. Xtra Vitamins”: Roman Numeral: Translated: My M 1, 000 Dear D 500 Cousin C 100 Loves L 50 e. Xtra X 10 Vitamins V 5

Tricky Numbers You would think that the Roman Numeral for 4 would be IIII. But, it is IV. When a smaller number is in front of a larger number such as IV you subtract only those numbers. I-V= 5 -1= 4

Tricky Numbers IX= 10 -1= 9 XIX= XLIV= XCIX= 10+101= 50 -10+51= 100 -10+101 19 44 99

Translating What is the Roman numeral translation for CMIV? For this you have to add the numbers. CM+IV= 900+4= 904

Translating What is the translation for MCDLXXX? First break apart and add. M+CD+LXXX= 1000+400+80= 1480

Question: What is the translation for CLIV? A. 1515 B. 154 C. 2525 D. 254

Question: What is the translation for CDXX? A. 1520 B. 150 C. 520 D. 420

Influence on Culture • Latin alphabet • Latin phrases used by doctors, scientists, and lawyers. • Literature: Virgil, Horace, Livy, and Tactius • Buildings • Concrete • Architectural styles

Christianity • 1 of major religions in the world • Adopted Christianity in 300 s • Helped it grow and spread

Review 1. What social problems helped cause the empire’s decline? 2. Why did the Roman government use Germanic warriors in its army? 3. How did inflation affect Rome? 4. Who were the Visigoths, and how did they contribute to the fall of the empire? 5. Give examples of Roman ideas in language and architecture that exist today.

Write a paragraph discussing whether or not you agree with the following statement: The United States owes more to Roman culture than to any other civilization that has ever existed. (Support your answer with reasons and evidence from the text, power point, or discussion. )

Roman Legacies

languages Rule of law Roman Legacies Roman architectural styles Christianity

The Byzantine Empire

Rise of the Byzantines • • • Byzantine or Eastern Roman Empire 500 s – high point Italy – west Egypt – south Arabia – east

Importance of Constantinople • • Capital of Byzantine Empire 1 of world’s greatest cities Location Trade routes

Influence of Greek Culture • • • 1 st followed Roman ways “New Rome” Honored Greek past Egyptians and Slavs Persians 500 – 1200 AD = 1 of the world’s richest and most advanced empires

1. Located in eastern Mediterranean only 2. Spain, North Africa

Emperor Justinian • 527 A. D. – 565 A. D. • Policies made empire strong • Strong leader • Controlled military, made laws, and was supreme judge • Theodora

Read the following information and write at least five things you might reflect on as you read this information. In A. D. 532 Theodora helped save Justinian’s throne. Angry taxpayers threatened to overthrow Justinian and stormed the palace. Justinian’s advisers urged him to leave Constantinople. Theodora, however, told him to stay and fight. Justinian took Theodora’s advice. He stayed in the city and crushed the uprising.

Justinian’s Conquests • General Belisarius • Controlled most of Italy, northern Africa, and Persia

Justinian’s Law Code • Tribonian • Justinian Code

Byzantine Civilization • Lasted 1, 000 years • Constantinople – largest/richest city in Europe • Highly educated and creative • Gave a new methods in arts • Spread Christianity to people in Eastern Europe

Importance of Trade • Center of trade between Europe and Asia • Asia – spices, gems, metals, and cloth • Merchants – furs, farm goods, honey, and enslaved people • Very Rich

Byzantine Art and Architecture • Hagia Sophia • Mosaics

Byzantine Women • • Family – center of social life Importance of marriage and family Divorces Regent

Byzantine Education • • • Learning – highly respected Gov’t supported Boys Tutors Girls Authors

Review 1. What is a mosaic, and where were mosaics found in the Byzantine Empire? 2. How did silk weaving develop in the Byzantine Empire? 3. What were some of the trade items that were exchanged between merchants in Constantinople? 4. Why were divorces difficult to get in the Byzantine Empire? 5. What important service did Byzantine writers provide to the rest of the world?

Which civilization do you think was the most advanced --- that of the Greeks, the Romans, or the Byzantines? Why?