Roman Art Part 2 Sculpture Painting Roman Art

Roman Art Part 2 Sculpture & Painting Roman Art Republic ( c 509 -27 BC) Empire (27 BC – 476 AD)

Sculpture • Portraits which emphasized extreme realism • Reliefs which depicted civic and military events • Statues of rulers • Sarcophagi • Copies & adaptations of Greek originals

Sculptural Media & Techniques • Marble & Bronze • “Copies” of Greek originals were often adaptations rather than direct copies because (a) faces were more realistic • (b) Poses were more forceful • (c) Bracing had to be added between body & limbs for added strength

Title: Roman Patrician with two ancestor Busts Date: Late 1 st century BCE. Source/ Museum: Museo Montemartini, Rome Medium: marble Size: life-size

Title: Augustus of Primaporta. Possibly Roman copy of a statue of ca. 20 CE Source/ Museum: Musei Vaticani, Braccio Nuovo, Rome Artist: n/a Medium: marble Date: ca. 20 CE Size: height 6'8" (2. 03 m)

Title: Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius Source/ Museum: Museo del Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome Artist: N/A Medium: bronze Date: 161 -80 CE Size: over-life-size

Title: Copying Greek Sculptures: The triangulation process Source/ Museum: n/a Artist: n/a Medium: n/a Date: n/a Size: n/a

Title: Portrait of Constantine the Great Source/ Museum: Museo del Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome Artist: n/a Medium: Marble Date: Early 4 th century CE Size: height 8' (2. 4 m)

Title: Portrait of Hadrian Source/ Museum: Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome Artist: n/a Medium: marble Date: After 117 CE Size: n/a

Title: Brutus Source/ Museum: Museo del Palazzo dei Conservatori, Rome Artist: n/a Medium: bronze Date: Late 4 th or early 3 rd century BCE Size: slightly over life-size

Title: Veristic male portrait Source/ Museum: Musei Vaticani, Rome Artist: n/a Medium: marble Date: Early 1 st century BCE. Size: life-size

Title: Portrait of Faustina the Younger Source/ Museum: Museo Capitolino, Rome Artist: N/A Medium: marble Date: ca. 147 -148 CE Size: height 23 5/8" (60 cm)

Title: Altar base of Antoninus Pius and Faustina. Decursio relief Source/ Museum: Musei Vaticani, Rome Artist: n/a Medium: marble Date: ca. 161 CE Size: n/a

Title: Altar base of Antoninus Pius and Faustina. Apotheosis relief Source/ Museum: Musei Vaticani, Rome Artist: n/a Medium: marble Date: ca. 161 CE Size: n/a

Painting • Illusionistic wall paintings developed in four styles: incrustation, architectural, ornate, and intricate • Panel paintings were produced in tempera & encaustic

• Roman painting included wall paintings, which decorated public buildings & houses, & panel paintings, which decorated houses. Wall painting was more important and innovative. Its illusionistic effects established the foundations of later western painting

Purposes & Subject Matter • Religious • Secular (non-religious, decorative) such as: landscapes, cityscapes genre scenes still-life • Media & Techniques: True fresco, tempera on wood panels (for small portable pictures ), Encaustic for small pictures & for mummy portraits made in Egypt under Roman rule

Title: August Mau's Four Styles of Pompeian wall painting Source/ Museum: n/a Artist: n/a Medium: n/a Date: n/a Size: n/a

Title: First Style painting in the Samnite House, Herculaneum Source/ Museum: n/a Artist: n/a Medium: n/a Date: Late 2 d century BCE Size: n/a

Title: Second style wall painting from the Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii. Scenes of Dionysiac Mystery Cult Artist: n/a Date: ca. 60 -50 BCE Source/ Museum: n/a Medium: n/a Size: n/a

Title: Second style wall painting from the Villa of Publius Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale near Naples Source/ Museum: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Rogers Fund, 1903 (03. 14. 13) Artist: n/a Medium: Fresco on line plasters Date: Mid-1 st century BCE Size: Height: 8' 8 1/2” x Length 19' 7 1/8” x Width 10' 11 1/2” (265. 4 x 583. 9 x 334 cm)

Title: Second style wall painting from the Villa of Publius Fannius Synistor at Boscoreale near Naples Artist: n/a Date: Mid-1 st century BCE Source/ Museum: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Rogers Fund, 1903 (03. 14. 13) Medium: Fresco on line plasters Size: Height: 8' 8 1/2” x Length 19' 7 1/8” x Width 10' 11 1/2” (265. 4 x 583. 9 x 334 cm)

Title: Third Style wall painting from Villa of Agrippa Postumus, Boscotrecase Artist: n/a Date: ca. 10 BCE Source/ Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Rogers Fund, 1970. (20. 192. 1) Medium: Fresco on line plasters Size: Height: 91 3/4” (233. 05 cm)

Title: Fourth Style wall painting, Ixion Room, House of Vettii, Pompeii Source/ Museum: n/a Artist: n/a Medium: n/a Date: 63 -79 CE Size: n/a

Woman with a Stylus

Title: Still life of peaches and water jar, from Herculaneum Source/ Museum: Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples Artist: n/a Medium: n/a Date: ca. 50 CE Size: n/a

Cross Cultural Trends Sarcophagus • Mummy case of Artemidoros • From Faiyum • AD 100 -200 • Stucco casing with portrait in encaustic on limewood with added gold leaf • Approx 67 in, highx 17 in. wide x 14 in deep

Title: Portrait of a woman, from Hawara in the Fayyum, Lower Egypt Source/ Museum: Royal Museum of Scotland Artist: N/A Medium: encaustic on wooden panel Date: ca. 110 -300 CE Size: N/A

The End