Rolf LINDNER Austin BALL Ludovico PONTECORVO Werner RIEGLER

Rolf LINDNER Austin BALL Ludovico PONTECORVO Werner RIEGLER On behalf of the LHC experiments ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, LHCb LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 2 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ LHC Experiments activities during LS 2

Outline Overview • Experiments program and scope of LS 2 • Support from CERN partners required • Major challenges ahead LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 3 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ •

Overview ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb have scheduled significant maintenance work and upgrade installation for the long shutdown 2 (LS 2). While ALICE and LHCb pursue a major upgrade of the experiment in one single phase, ATLAS and CMS have envisaged an upgrade in two phases, spread over 3 shutdowns with the most intense detector activities during LS 3. The LS 2 project started already with advanced preparation well underway. Specification of cooling systems, electrical distribution, survey tasks, beam pipe projects, civil engineering work and many other issues are being discussed with all stakeholders. Experiments will exploit the pre-LS 2 YETS and EYETS as much as possible. LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 4 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ Nevertheless, the amount of work, challenges and time pressure the different collaborations and technical groups from CERN are facing in LS 2 will be be very similar for all LHC experiments.

2 Years 3 years left LHCb & ALICE major upgrade ATLAS & CMS Phase I upgrade LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 ATLAS & CMS major upgrade Phase II 5 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ ATLAS & CMS Phase I upgrade

ALICE, LS 2 upgrade scope Motivation: Focus on high-precision measurements of rare probes at low p. T • • Cannot be selected by hardware trigger Need to record large sample of events Goal: Pb-Pb recorded luminosity ≥ 10 nb-1, (plus pp and p-Pb data) • 8 x 1010 events to gain a factor 100 in statistics over the Run 1+Run 2 programme • • • Read out all Pb-Pb interactions at a maximum rate of 50 k. Hz (i. e. L = 6 x 1027 cm 1 s-1) upon a minimum bias trigger Perform online data reduction based on reconstruction of clusters and tracks Improve vertexing and tracking at low p. T New Inner Tracking System (ITS) LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 6 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ Strategy:

ALICE, LS 2 upgrade scope Muon Forward Tracker (MFT) • new Si tracker • Improved MUON pointing precision MUON Arm • continuous readout electronics Time Projection Chamber (TPC) • new GEM technology for readout chambers • continuous readout • faster readout electronics New Online/Offline computing farm (O 2) • new architecture • on line tracking & data compression TOF, TRD • 50 k. Hz Pb. Pb event rate • Faster readout LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. New Trigger Detectors (FIT) 28 th January 2016 7 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ New Inner Tracking System (ITS) • improved pointing precision • less material thinnest tracker at the LHC

ATLAS, LS 2 upgrade scope Main Motivations: • • Improve the trigger system to maintain low LVL 1 thresholds for muons and electrons Improve rate capability of forward muon detectors New Small Wheel • • Replace the present first measuring station of the forward muon spectrometer Control trigger rate and enhance rate capability for muon detectors Calorimeter Trigger Electronics • • Enhanced granularity available at LVL 1 Control of the electron and photon rates TDAQ (Trigger and DAQ) BIS 7/8 (Barrel Inner Sector) installation FTK (Fast. Tracker) in 2016 -2017 AFP (ATLAS Forward Proton detector) in 2016 and 2017 BMG (Barrel Midium G) Installation 2017 3 -year detector maintenance LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 8 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ •

BIS 7 -8 New Small Wheels Calorimeter Electronics LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 9 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ ATLAS, LS 2 upgrade scope

CMS upgrade scope: LS 2 Pixel detector replacement HCAL (HE + HF) upgrade phototransducer & front-end EYETS 2016 -17 Full opening: LS 2 Magnet: Install cooled freewheel thyristor or diode switch in power circuit. Install revised yoke opening system Beam pipe: replace all chambers except central + test RP shielding Endcap muon stations ME 2/1, 3/1, 4/1 (UXC, SX 5): readout upgrade GE 1/1: install new detector layer HCAL (HB): upgrade phototransducer + front-end (HE): contingency plan for replacement of 30% of active elements Surface buildings Completion of: SX 5 extension, new barrack, UPS barn, SCX control room consolidation, SX 5 assembly area extension 3 -year detector maintenance (40 -50% of total activity) LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 10 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ VAX/TAS region prep for HL-LHC revision in LS 3

LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 11 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ CMS: on-detector upgrade scope to end LS 2

LHCb, LS 2 upgrade scope Luminosity Run 2 4 x 1032 cm-2 s-1 (2 x nominal) ->Upgrade: 2 x 1033 cm-2 s-1 (Triggerless) Read-out Run 2 1 MHz -> Upgrade 40 MHz To cope with the enormous increase of events to be evaluated, a larger CPU farm will be unavoidable. As space and cooling/power capacities are limited in the UX, a new ‘Data Center’ at the surface is in planning. LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 12 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ Increasing the read out to 40 MHz and the higher luminosity necessitates replacing almost all front-end electronics and the majority of detector systems.

LHCb, LS 2 upgrade scope Outer Tracker/ Inner Tracker: Replace with Sci. Fi Tracker Add shielding behind RICH: HPDs and FE to be replaced modified optical system of RICH 1 LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. Calo: replace FE remove PS/SPD/Lead wall Muon: replace BE remove M 1 28 th January 2016 13 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ Velo & TT: Silicon sensors to be replaced Replace readout boards and DAQ network

LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 14 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ Support required during LS 2 and (E)YETS

Cooling and Ventilation ALICE • • • New water cooling plant for Inner Tracking System (ITS) and MFT detector upgrade (before LS 2). Possibly upgrade of the dry air ventilation system for the trackers (during LS 2). O 2 computing facility at P 2, technology decision in 2016, (implementation before LS 2) TPC cleanroom at P 2 with new ventilation system, ITS cleanroom Bat. 167 (CV or SMB? , 2017) Ventilation of new visitor center at P 2 (2016) ATLAS • • Renewal ventilation control system (CV) Refurbishment of cooling distribution in UX 15 to reduce temperature gradients in cavern Study how to reduce pressure jumps that may harm detectors (TRT/RPC) Upgrade of Muon cooling station to include NSW detector cooling • • • Upgrade HVAC control system Eliminate sudden UXC pressure changes but ensure pressure differentials in operation Add 1. 5 MW chilled water capacity for Phase 2 detectors Water production & distribution control system Compressed air : extend dry gas, consolidate pneumatic control LHCb: • • New and upgraded detector cooling plants have to be prepared, constructed and installed. VELO, UT, RICH, Sci. Fi – before LS 2 Cooling for the CPU farm, final technology to be decided soon. Pressure differentials shall comply with RP requirements. Only for Run II a derogation exists. LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 15 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ CMS

Electrical distribution & cabling ALICE • • 2 x 2. 5 MVA transformers for O 2 facility (EYETS 2016/2017) Large UPS installed in LS 1 probably sufficient 12 k optical fibres to be installed Significant cabling campaign: Removal of services, new patch panels, connectors, services, cables etc. through EN cabling contract. ATLAS • • Upgrade and refurbishment of several switch boards (2016 -1017) Upgrade of UPS for electronics racks in USA 15 to 2 MVA (LS 2) Consolidation of central UPS Distribution in USA 15 (LS 2) Cabling for the new detectors CMS • • Upgrade UPS: Computer farm 3 x 500 k. VA (pre-LS 2) Detector UPS from 4 x 500 k. VA to 5 x 500 k. VA (n+1 redundant) (LS 2) Electrical distr. for additional cooling/dry gas/UPS + extended detector labs in SX 5 • • • Power for ‘Data Center’. • Primary supply 2 x 1. 5 MVA transformer, power for services. (EYETS 2016/2017 ? ) ~17 k optical fibres through PM shaft (close collaboration with access and LHC cryo) • All major supports are in place and test installation successful. Provider for the OF still to be defined, expect in-kind contribution from institute. Electrical distribution for new/modified detector cooling units. LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 16 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ LHCb

Beam Pipe ALICE • • • New central beam pipe ordered Q 3 2015, delivery Q 2 2017. Bake-out equipment and installation chariot (2017) Removal of beam pipes at the start of LS 2, installation and bake-out of new beam pipe 'middle' of LS 2. ATLAS • • No new beam pipes foreseen But full dismounting of beam pipes except the inner section (Venting, access protection etc. ) CMS Full beam pipe dismount, (Venting, access protection etc) Replacement of conical chambers (EC +HF) Preparation for replacement in LS 3 of : TAS + fwd chambers. LHCb Entire beam pipe to be dismantled and re-installed second half 2020. • Venting, access, protection, storage etc. – the full chain at day one of LS 2! LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 17 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ • • •

Survey ALICE • • • Significant survey activity during opening of the detector, installation of the TPC chambers and re-installation of the entire detector. Close collaboration with survey group already now, defining survey strategy. Metrology for tracker upgrade ATLAS • • Usual activities related to every YETS or Shutdown Survey related to new detectors • During NSW construction: measure of spacer frame+measure of assembled sector (16 -17) • NJD measurement (2017), NSW measurement at B 191 after integration, 2018 -19 • BIS 7/8 measurement after installation CMS Opening & closing sequences (1/3 of operations are survey) & re-baselining of survey mesh. Special focus on: new beam pipe vacuum chambers new endcap muon detectors • LHCb • • Survey already during the construction and assembly phase, regular survey while installing systems and survey after installation is completed. Metrology for Ve. Lo LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 18 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ • •

Handling ALICE • • • Opening of ALICE (shaft shielding, cavern shielding, mini-frame, TPC to surface) in 2 shifts at the beginning of LS 2. Special transport of TPC from cavern to cleanroom. Installation of the entire ALICE upgrade during 2020. ATLAS • On top of usual activities, specific needs are identified for NSW integration • • • Transport of NSW chambers (BB 5, Bld 180) from 2016 -2018 JD shielding & NSW at B 191 : 2 crane drivers (part time) from end 2016 to mid-2019 Transport NSW from 191 to P 1 and SW from P 1 to 191 2019/20 CMS • On top of usual activities, specific focus identified for: GE 1/1 transport/installation • • • Dismantle ~33% of shielding wall • For passage of detector services Dismantling and installation of new detectors, support and access structures. Large object to be dismantled: • PS, SPD and lead wall, Outer Tracker, M 1 station LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 19 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ LHCb:

Civil engineering ALICE • • New visitor center (2016/2017) Baseline for O 2 computing facility is a commercial container (choice end 2016). Infrastructure and noise protection needed. ATLAS • Enlargement of SR 1 building (+300 sqm) including the exisiting clean room CMS • Extension/Annexe to SX 5 surface building (1000 m 2) • Re-equip SX 5 heavy maintenance areas as lab space for Phase 2 build/maintenance • Replacement of barracks & storage barns overwritten by HL-LHC buildings • Probable construction of a UPS barn • Modify SX 5 and SDX roofs for endcap cal extraction/lowering by “crawler crane” • • • The new ‘Data Center’ will require preparation of new housing. Technical gallery from SCX to ‘Data Center’ and to transformer Storage for detector parts that will be recuperated, stored or become radioactive waste • Final disassembly can and will not take place in the underground • Requires storage space for large detector parts, with some components being radioactive. • Need protected area for storage of concrete blocks from the shielding. LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 20 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ LHCb

Safety & Radiation ALICE • Safety coordination for work package analysis of P 2 activities. Support for radiation safety. ATLAS • • Work package analysis for safety, including radiological risks, will be a major activity before and during LS 2 Study of storage of the Old Small Wheel has to be finalized CMS • • Work package analysis for safety, co-activity & radiological risks, Storage of removed beam pipe & detector elements to be finalized • • Due to heavy handling, many co-activities, users & contractors and very tight schedule a safety coordinator will be mandatory. • Shall attend meetings, providing advice to users, contractors and staff. Radiation protection • LHCb provides personnel for low risk and low duty tasks already (RPE and RPA). • Additional support will be required, mostly during the dismantling phase. LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 21 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ LHCb

Others – crane, lift ALICE Replacement of • lift to the cavern during EYETS ATLAS Replacment of • PM 15 lift • PX 15 lift April 2019 -June 2019 Dec 2020 Jan 2021 CMS Replacement • lift in PM 54 shaft • Add. crane in expt cavern (during 2017 run after end April 2017) (YETS 2017 -18) Replacement of • two 40 t cranes in UX • PX lift during EYETS LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 22 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ LHCb

Major challenges ahead Similar activities at all LHC sites in parallel • Dismantling/re-installation of the beam pipe • Removing/installing/re-installing detectors • Cabling/fibre-installation • Survey • Handling • Safety coordination but: • Clearly less resources • Smaller time window • Considerably reduced preparation period LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 23 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ • For some projects, workload almost at the size of the initial experiment’s installation,

Major challenges ahead cont. • In addition to CERN staff and contractors at the experimental site, > 50 institutes are involved in the upgrade projects, have to be coordinated and • depend very much on the flexibility of all partners at CERN • with restricted time-flexibility and rely on the commitment of CERN personnel. upgrade! • Extremely tight planning for the construction, consolidation, maintenance, installation and commissioning in LS 2 - shifts might be an option. LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 24 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ • All regular maintenance works at all LHCexp sites are in parallel to the

Conclusions • All LHC experiments have a vast number of actvities as part of the L 2 project. • Projects have been forwarded into PLAN and discussions with all stakeholders are continuing. • Experiments will heavily rely on efficient collaboration with all technical groups at CERN • Similar work requiring same expertise for several projects at all sites at the LHC Performance Workshop Session 8: (E)YETS and Long Shutdown 2 Strategy and Preparation. 28 th January 2016 25 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/448109/ same time