RocksMINERALS Minerals ROCKS Minerals must be Naturally occurring

Rocks&&MINERALS Minerals ROCKS

Minerals must be: • Naturally occurring made from non-living things (fossils & coal are made from living things that died so are not considered minerals) Not man made

Minerals must be: • Solid – Have a fixed shape and volume – Never livinginorganic

Minerals must have: • Have a definite crystal structure – particles line up in a regular, repeating pattern. – flat sides called faces, that meet at sharp edges and corners. http: //vasichkominerals. com/

Minerals must have: • A definite chemical composition – Always contains certain elements in the same proportion. http: //www. eas. slu. edu/People/Students/woodhull/uraninite. html – Almost all minerals are compounds, (two or more different elements chemically joined).

Minerals Review • All minerals must: – Occur naturally in nature – Inorganic solid – Crystal structure – Definite chemical composition http: //nature. ca/museum/press/2006/pr 06 -02 -07_minstucson_e. cfm

Properties of Minerals • Hardness A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched. http: //www. info-diamond. co. uk

Properties of Minerals • Density • Minerals will have a certain density regardless of the size of the sample. • Each mineral has its own density called specific gravity http: //www. astronomynotes. com/cosmolgy/

Properties of Minerals • Luster This is a gem stone called tourmaline it has a glassy luster • The way a mineral reflects light. • Can be metallic or non -metallic. • Shiny or dull. • waxy, pearly, glassy.

Properties of Minerals • Streak • The color of its powder. • Not always the same as the color of the mineral. http: //geology. csupomona. edu/alert/mineral/streak. htm

Properties of Minerals • Color first thing noticed about minerals http: //www. nmnh. si. edu/rtp/students/2004/virtualposters/poster

Rocks classification • • • http: //geology. com/rock-tumbler/tumbling-rough. shtml Texture Grain Minerals Color Origin of rocks

Rock classification • Texture is how a rock looks and feels • texture in rocks is determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rocks grains. ocal. wasp. uwa. edu. au/. . . /rock 16. jpeg

Rock Classification • Grain – Size -- large, small – Shape --smooth, rough, round jagged – Pattern – rows, waves, swirls, beads or random patterns http: //www. union. edu/PUBLIC/GEODEPT/COURSES/geo-10/metamorphic. htm

Rock classification • Mineral composition – Rocks are made of more than one mineral blue. utb. edu/. . . /PHYS 1417 SPR 00/Unit 3 Lec. html

Rock classification • Color rocks come in all sorts of colors

Rock Classification • Origin of rocks • How were the rocks formed - magma - erosion and layering - heat and pressure

Origin of rocks • Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling of magma or lava – Lava is magma that reaches the earth’s surface www. outreach. canterbury. ac. nz/. . . /igneous. jpg

Origin of rocks • Sedimentary rocks are formed from other rocks that are broken into small particles and moved by erosion (wind or water) • The particles are squeezed or cemented together • Rocks are layered www. energyinst. org. uk/education/glossary/

Origin of rocks • Metamorphic rocks are formed from other rocks • Rocks have been pushed deep into the earth’s crust • Pressure from the earth above and heat from the mantle below cause them to change shape, color, grain and crystal structure http: //www. classzone. com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es 0607/es 06 07 page 01. cfm? chapter_no=visualization

Rock cycle http: //www. classzone. com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigat ions/es 0602 page 02. cfm