ROCKS Marble Sandstone Marble and Granite Granite Korean
ROCKS
Marble
Sandstone, Marble and Granite
Granite
Korean War Memorial is actually made from stainless steel…. . But I really like it so I wanted to show it to you
Red Granite
I WILL BE ABLE TO… Arrange and define 4 stages of sedimentary rock formation. Describe the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock. Recognize the difference between foliated and unfoliated List common uses for 3 different types of rocks Apply the rock cycle Distinguish between the 3 classifications of rocks Illustrate how a rock becomes a metamorphic rock Evaluate rocks to determine their classification and names
DEFINITION Rocks are the hard part of the earth Rocks are composed of one or more minerals Rocks matter can be made up of organic
HOW TO CLASSIFY ROCKS • Color • Mineral Composition • Texture Grain size • Grain shape • Grain pattern •
COLOR This is a quick easy to observe property that can point you in the right direction. Helps identify mineral composition Granite
TEXTURE Grain size Grain pattern Grain shape
GRAIN SIZE Fine Grained Medium Grained Course Grained
GRAIN SHAPE Rounded grain Angular grain
GRAIN PATTERN Banded Non Banded
THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF ROCKS Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
IGNEOUS ROCKS Fire rocks
IGNEOUS Igneous Rocks are formed form lava or magma.
EXTRUSIVE Rocks formed form lava. These are also called volcanic rocks. Pumice Basalt Obsidian
INTRUSIVE Formed from magma Granite Gabbaro Diorite
COOLING RATES Fast Slow cooling have shinny reflections. cooling have visible crystals
GRANITE • Light-colored, coarsegrained, no pattern • Mostly quartz, feldspar, mica, and hornblende • Often used for buildings and monuments
BASALT • Dark-colored, fine- grained, extrusive • Formed where lava erupted onto surface • Most widespread igneous rocks • Found locally in the Palisades along west shore of Hudson River, Connecticut River valley
GABBRO • Dark-colored, coarsegrained intrusive • Similar composition to basalt—plagioclase feldspar with some pyroxene and olivine
Obsidian • Natural volcanic glass • Forms when lava cools very quickly • Usually dark, but small pieces may be clear • Fractures along curved (conchoidal) surface • Used as spear and arrow points, knives
USES Buildings Countertops Soap Aggregate
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Packed Rocks
SEDIMENTARY Formed from fragments of rocks and minerals that break up or dissolve into water.
FORMATION PROCESS Erosion Deposition Compaction Cementation
EROSION Wearing ice. away of rocks by wind, water, or
DEPOSITION Sediment settling out of the wind or water that is carrying it.
COMPACTION Process of sediment settling together
CEMENTATION Process of dissolved minerals crystallizing and gluing rock sediments together.
TYPES Clastic Organic Chemical
CLASTIC Sedimentary Rocks composed of sediment and rock fragments that have been deposited, compacted and cemented.
PINK SANDSTONE Pink or reddish in color Composed of quartz and feldspar minerals Texture Medium Grain Size Angular or Rounded Grain Well sorted, no banding Slightly porous
CONGLOMERATE Color � Tan to dark brown with nearly any color spots � Fragments of all types of rocks usually cemented by quartz, iron oxides, or calcite. Texture � Very course � Rounded Grain � Non banded
BRECCIA Color � Light brown or tan with grey white or black spots � Composed of all types of rocks and cemented by salts Texture � Very course � Angular � Non banded
ORGANIC Made from the organic material that has been deposited, compacted and cemented
COAL Color Black or dark grey Texture Medium-Fine grained Angular or rounded Non banded
ORGANIC/FOSSIL SANDSTONE Color Light colored, white to yellow or tan Texture Medium or fine grained Angular fragments Non banded May have distinct fossils
DIATOMITE Color Light brown or tan Composed of silica from hard celled algae Texture Fine grained Rounded or Angular Non banded Powdery
CHEMICAL Rocks that are formed form minerals that were once dissolved in water usually left behind after evaporation.
Rock Gypsum Alabaster Rock Salt
USES Building Stones Cement Fuel Fiberglass
METAMORPHIC ROCK Changed Rock
METAMORPHIC Formed by heat and pressure of other rocks deep in the earth
REGIONAL Plates get pushed under and thus pressurized and heated Plates get pushed up into mountains
CONTACT Lava veins shooting up near rock give off intense heat
FOLIATED These rocks have a banded texture. Can layers of the same rock or of crystals
FOLDED SCHIST Color Tan with colored bands Texture Medium Angular Banded Wavy grained
SLATE Color Black Texture Fine grained Angular grains Banded
GNEISS Color Dark and light color bands Texture Coarse grained Angular grains Banded
NON FOLIATED Quartzite Marble No bands or lines running across the minerals
QUARTZITE Color Pale brown Texture Medium grain Angular No bands (non foliated)
MARBLE Color White or grayish Texture Course, medium and fine grains Angular grains Non banded (non foliated)
USES Sculptures Flooring Roofing
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