ROCKS Marble Sandstone Marble and Granite Granite Korean

ROCKS

Marble

Sandstone, Marble and Granite

Granite

Korean War Memorial is actually made from stainless steel…. . But I really like it so I wanted to show it to you

Red Granite

I WILL BE ABLE TO… Arrange and define 4 stages of sedimentary rock formation. Describe the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rock. Recognize the difference between foliated and unfoliated List common uses for 3 different types of rocks Apply the rock cycle Distinguish between the 3 classifications of rocks Illustrate how a rock becomes a metamorphic rock Evaluate rocks to determine their classification and names

DEFINITION Rocks are the hard part of the earth Rocks are composed of one or more minerals Rocks matter can be made up of organic

HOW TO CLASSIFY ROCKS • Color • Mineral Composition • Texture Grain size • Grain shape • Grain pattern •

COLOR This is a quick easy to observe property that can point you in the right direction. Helps identify mineral composition Granite

TEXTURE Grain size Grain pattern Grain shape

GRAIN SIZE Fine Grained Medium Grained Course Grained

GRAIN SHAPE Rounded grain Angular grain

GRAIN PATTERN Banded Non Banded

THREE CLASSIFICATIONS OF ROCKS Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

IGNEOUS ROCKS Fire rocks

IGNEOUS Igneous Rocks are formed form lava or magma.

EXTRUSIVE Rocks formed form lava. These are also called volcanic rocks. Pumice Basalt Obsidian

INTRUSIVE Formed from magma Granite Gabbaro Diorite

COOLING RATES Fast Slow cooling have shinny reflections. cooling have visible crystals

GRANITE • Light-colored, coarsegrained, no pattern • Mostly quartz, feldspar, mica, and hornblende • Often used for buildings and monuments

BASALT • Dark-colored, fine- grained, extrusive • Formed where lava erupted onto surface • Most widespread igneous rocks • Found locally in the Palisades along west shore of Hudson River, Connecticut River valley

GABBRO • Dark-colored, coarsegrained intrusive • Similar composition to basalt—plagioclase feldspar with some pyroxene and olivine

Obsidian • Natural volcanic glass • Forms when lava cools very quickly • Usually dark, but small pieces may be clear • Fractures along curved (conchoidal) surface • Used as spear and arrow points, knives

USES Buildings Countertops Soap Aggregate

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Packed Rocks

SEDIMENTARY Formed from fragments of rocks and minerals that break up or dissolve into water.

FORMATION PROCESS Erosion Deposition Compaction Cementation

EROSION Wearing ice. away of rocks by wind, water, or

DEPOSITION Sediment settling out of the wind or water that is carrying it.

COMPACTION Process of sediment settling together

CEMENTATION Process of dissolved minerals crystallizing and gluing rock sediments together.

TYPES Clastic Organic Chemical

CLASTIC Sedimentary Rocks composed of sediment and rock fragments that have been deposited, compacted and cemented.

PINK SANDSTONE Pink or reddish in color Composed of quartz and feldspar minerals Texture Medium Grain Size Angular or Rounded Grain Well sorted, no banding Slightly porous

CONGLOMERATE Color � Tan to dark brown with nearly any color spots � Fragments of all types of rocks usually cemented by quartz, iron oxides, or calcite. Texture � Very course � Rounded Grain � Non banded

BRECCIA Color � Light brown or tan with grey white or black spots � Composed of all types of rocks and cemented by salts Texture � Very course � Angular � Non banded

ORGANIC Made from the organic material that has been deposited, compacted and cemented

COAL Color Black or dark grey Texture Medium-Fine grained Angular or rounded Non banded

ORGANIC/FOSSIL SANDSTONE Color Light colored, white to yellow or tan Texture Medium or fine grained Angular fragments Non banded May have distinct fossils

DIATOMITE Color Light brown or tan Composed of silica from hard celled algae Texture Fine grained Rounded or Angular Non banded Powdery

CHEMICAL Rocks that are formed form minerals that were once dissolved in water usually left behind after evaporation.

Rock Gypsum Alabaster Rock Salt

USES Building Stones Cement Fuel Fiberglass

METAMORPHIC ROCK Changed Rock

METAMORPHIC Formed by heat and pressure of other rocks deep in the earth

REGIONAL Plates get pushed under and thus pressurized and heated Plates get pushed up into mountains

CONTACT Lava veins shooting up near rock give off intense heat

FOLIATED These rocks have a banded texture. Can layers of the same rock or of crystals

FOLDED SCHIST Color Tan with colored bands Texture Medium Angular Banded Wavy grained

SLATE Color Black Texture Fine grained Angular grains Banded

GNEISS Color Dark and light color bands Texture Coarse grained Angular grains Banded

NON FOLIATED Quartzite Marble No bands or lines running across the minerals

QUARTZITE Color Pale brown Texture Medium grain Angular No bands (non foliated)

MARBLE Color White or grayish Texture Course, medium and fine grains Angular grains Non banded (non foliated)

USES Sculptures Flooring Roofing