ROCKS Are classified according to the environment in

ROCKS

Are classified according to the environment in which they _____ form

Types of Rocks: igneous ________ sedimentary ____ metamorphic

IGNEOUS ROCKS

Where Does Igneous Rock Form?

I. FORMATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

A. Igneous rocks form directly from the solidification _______ and crystallization _______

of _____molten liquid rock to form _______ solid rock

FOUNTAINING

FISSURE ERUPTION

LAVA FLOW

LAVA FLOW OVER A ROAD

LAVA FLOW THROUGH FORREST

Kilauea, HI 2003

Kilauea, HI , 2003

Mt. ST. Helens

Volcanic crater

crazy vulcanist

SKY LIGHT

crystallization B. _______ is the process when a liquid rock cools,

and it changes to a solid made of INTERGROWN CRYSTALS __________

GRANITE MICROSCOPIC VIEW

2. CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS:

A. 2 characteristics that are used to classify igneous rocks:

texture 1. _______ mineral composition 2. _______

B. Texture of an igneous rock describes the

_____, size _____ shape and arrangement ______ of the mineral crystals it was made from.

size C. The ______ of the crystals depends on the Rate of _______ cooling _____

Slow cooling = large crystals ______

MINERAL CRYSTALS

GABBRO

Fast cooling = fine crystals ______ Or no crystals (glassy)

GLASSY TEXTURE: OBSIDIAN

BASALT: FINE CRYSTALS

BASALT MICROSCOPIC VIEW

Granite: Coarse crystals Basalt: Fine crystals (Microscopic views)

FINE CRYSTAL: RYOLITE

3. EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS: Extrusions A. _______ occurs when molten (liquid) rock flows out of the earth as ________ lava

lava magma

And cools quickly _____

to form fine or no crystals ______

Vesicular basalt gas pockets

frothy texture (vesicular) This rock if full of gas pockets

B. To form magma, minerals ______ must be melted.

C. Minerals melt at different temperatures ______ pressures and ______

D. Igneous rocks of different composition ______

Can form from the same body of magma ______

4. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS: A. Intrusions _______ occurs when molten rock beneath the surface (magma)

cools slowly ______ to form coarse crystals _______

Granite: Coarse crystals Basalt: Fine crystals (Microscopic views)

5. FELSIC A. Igneous rocks of the continental crust are rich in _____ density _____ colored minerals (granitic) low light

6. MAFIC A. Igneous rocks of the ocean floor are rich in _____ density _____ colored minerals (basaltic) high dark

Comparing Oceanic Crust To Continental Crust

Continental Crust: 1. low density 2. light color 3. granitic 4. felsic 5. thick

Oceanic Crust: 1. high density 2. dark color 3. basaltic 4. mafic 5. thin

Complete the Activity Use this diagram in your ESRT to answer the following: What is the temperature for the interface between the following… inner core and outer core? 6250° C Outer core and stiffer mantle? 5000° C Stiffer Mantle and athenosphere? 2600° C Asthenosphere and lithosphere? 750° C

What is the depth of the interface between the stiffer mantle and the outer core? 2900 KM State the relationship between depth and pressure : As depth increase pressure increases State the relationship between depth and temperature: As depth increases temperature increases

MELTING ROCKS AND CRYSTALLIZING MAGMA Rock magma rock When rocks melt, bonds broken. Crystalline solid no longer exists.

MELTING ROCKS AND CRYSTALLIZING MAGMA Rock magma rock • Hot liquid contains still solid fragments • Minerals melt at different temperatures • Melting causes changes in magma composition

MELTING ROCKS AND CRYSTALLIZING MAGMA Rock magma rock • Cooling of hot liquid allows crystallization of minerals • Bonds are re-established • Crystalline structure grows until edges touch adjacent crystals • Minerals crystallize at different temperatures

OK………. . TAKE OUT YOUR REFERENCE TABLE