Rocks and the Rock Cycle Rocks and the

Rocks and the Rock Cycle:

Rocks and the Rock Cycle: Can rocks change from one type to another?

What is a rock?

What is a rock? l A rock is a solid, naturally occurring chunk in the lithosphere that was melted, cemented, or pressed together.

What is a rock? l A rock is a solid, naturally occurring chunk in the lithosphere that was melted, cemented, or pressed together. l May or may not contain minerals.

Classifying rocks:

Classifying rocks: l Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure.

Classifying rocks: l Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure. l Geologist’s break up a rock’s grain structure into three categories.

Classifying rocks: l Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure. l Geologist’s break up a rock’s grain structure into three categories. l Grain size

Fine grain: Slate

Coarse grain: Diorite

No visible grain: Flint

Classifying rocks: l Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure. l Geologist’s break up a rock’s grain structure into three categories. l l Grain size Grain shape

Rounded grain: Conglomerate

Jagged grain: Breccia

Classifying rocks: l Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure. l Geologist’s break up a rock’s grain structure into three categories. l l l Grain size Grain shape Grain pattern

Non-banded grain: Quartzite

Banded grain: Gneiss

Types of Rocks: l Igneous rocks:

Types of igneous rocks: Basalt

Types of igneous rocks: Obsidian

Types of Rocks: l Igneous rocks: This type forms from the cooling of magma or lava.

Types of Rocks: l Igneous rocks: This type forms from the cooling of magma or lava. l Extrusive igneous rocks: Formed from lava that hardened on the surface of the Earth.

Extrusive igneous: Rhyolite

Types of Rocks: l Igneous rocks: This type forms from the cooling of magma or lava. l l Extrusive igneous rocks: Formed from lava that hardened on the surface of the Earth. Intrusive igneous rocks: Formed from magma that hardened beneath the surface of the Earth.

Intrusive igneous: Porphyry

Igneous rocks: Pumice

Types of Rocks: l Sedimentary rocks:

Types of Rocks: l Sedimentary rocks: This type forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.

Types of Rocks: l Sedimentary rocks: This type forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. l Clastic: Made of small rocks squeezed together.

Clastic Sedimentary rocks: Shale

Types of Rocks: l Sedimentary rocks: This type forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. l l Clastic: Made of small rocks squeezed together. Organic: Made of the remains of plants or animals.

Organic sedimentary rocks: Coquina

Types of Rocks: l Sedimentary rocks: This type forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. l l l Clastic: Made of small rocks squeezed together. Organic: Made of the remains of plants or animals. Chemical: Made of minerals that are dissolved in a solution and crystallize.

Chemical sedimentary rocks: Tufa

Types of Rocks: l Metamorphic rocks: Formed from any rock by heat and pressure deep beneath the Earth’s surface.

Types of Rocks: l Metamorphic rocks: Formed from any rock by heat and pressure deep beneath the Earth’s surface. l Foliated rocks: Grains arranged in parallel layers or bands.

Foliated rocks: Phyllite

Types of Rocks: l Metamorphic rocks: Formed from any rock by heat and pressure deep beneath the Earth’s surface. l l Foliated rocks: Grains arranged in parallel layers or bands. Non-foliated rocks: Grains are arranged randomly.

Non-foliated rocks: Hornfels

Volcanic activity Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Magma and Lava Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock

Volcanic activity Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Magma and Lava Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock

Volcanic activity Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Magma and Lava Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock

Volcanic activity Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Magma and Lava Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock

Volcanic activity Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Magma and Lava Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock

Volcanic activity Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Magma and Lava Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock

Volcanic activity Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Magma and Lava Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock

Volcanic activity Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Magma and Lava Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock

Minerals

Minerals What are minerals and what do they look like?

Rocks l l vs. Minerals May contain minerals. May contain organic substances. Are classified by the way they were formed. Occur naturally in the lithosphere as a “chunk”. l Contain elements or combinations of elements in a specific ratio. l l l Ex. Emerald is Be Al Si O May form crystals. Occurs naturally in the lithosphere as a “chunk”.