Rock Cycle Rock Cycle continuous formation and destruction

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Rock Cycle Rock Cycle – continuous formation and destruction of rock material and minerals

Rock Cycle Rock Cycle – continuous formation and destruction of rock material and minerals into new rocks Igneous Rock – Rock products from the cooling of magma Extrusive (Volcanic) – igneous rocks that cooled at the surface (lava) Intrusive (Plutonic) – igneous rock that

Rock Cycle Sedimentary Rock – Rock made up of the fragments of other rocks

Rock Cycle Sedimentary Rock – Rock made up of the fragments of other rocks Formed from the following processes: weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation Used to study the rock layers and layering

Rock Cycle Metamorphic Rock – Rock produced from other rocks that has undergone great

Rock Cycle Metamorphic Rock – Rock produced from other rocks that has undergone great pressure and heat

Determining Time on Earth A. B. C. Uniformitarianism: Geologic processes seen on earth today

Determining Time on Earth A. B. C. Uniformitarianism: Geologic processes seen on earth today are the same process seen in the past. Relative Time: The relationship of older to younger rocks by simple comparison. Absolute Time: The comparison of age with values such as years.

Finding age of rocks Relative age �Older or younger than other rocks Absolute age

Finding age of rocks Relative age �Older or younger than other rocks Absolute age �How old it is since formation

B. Determining Relative Time 3 rules: a. Law of superposition 1. ) In a

B. Determining Relative Time 3 rules: a. Law of superposition 1. ) In a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary rocks, the oldest rocks will be at the bottom b. Law of crosscutting relationships 1. ) Igneous rocks are younger than the rocks they intrude into c. Law of included fragments 1. ) Pieces of one rock found in another must be older than the rock they are found within

What’s it really mean? Law of Superposition Law of Crosscutting Relationships

What’s it really mean? Law of Superposition Law of Crosscutting Relationships

What’s it really mean? Law of Included Fragments

What’s it really mean? Law of Included Fragments

Unconformity: A surface that represents a missing gap in the rock sequence. 3 types:

Unconformity: A surface that represents a missing gap in the rock sequence. 3 types: 1. Disconformity: A layer is missing in parallel rock layers. 2. Nonconformity: Sedimentary rock lies on an eroded surface. 3. Angular Unconformity: Where horizontal rock meets tilted or folded rock layers. Unconformity

Other Features Tilt-When something causes rock layers to tilt from their flat position. Fold-When

Other Features Tilt-When something causes rock layers to tilt from their flat position. Fold-When rock layers get folded up or down from their normal flat position.

 Faults �Crack in the earths surface �Layers do not line up anymore �Fault

Faults �Crack in the earths surface �Layers do not line up anymore �Fault is younger than the rock it splits

Igneous rock layers Extrusion – layer of lava �Younger than rock below it Intrusion

Igneous rock layers Extrusion – layer of lava �Younger than rock below it Intrusion – pocket of magma pushed into other rocks layers �Younger than rock below

Draw and Complete this Sequence (next 3 slides) from top to bottom layer

Draw and Complete this Sequence (next 3 slides) from top to bottom layer

Answer key - tilt 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. X F

Answer key - tilt 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. X F G Unconformity Tilt A B C

Answer key - fault 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. D Unconformity

Answer key - fault 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. D Unconformity Fault A B C Unconformity E

W

W

Answer key - fold 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. M

Answer key - fold 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. M C S Unconformity P Fold W Z X

Rock Layers Project It must include: 1. 12 layers (minimum) - colors & designs/shapes

Rock Layers Project It must include: 1. 12 layers (minimum) - colors & designs/shapes 2. Give each layer a letter (not in order) 3. One tilt, one fault, and one fold (not counted toward the 12 layers) 4. Two unconformities (not counted toward the 12 layers) 5. One intrusion (does count toward the 12 layers) 6. One included fragment (does count toward the 12 layers) 7. Put answers on the back from youngest to oldest. 8. Write your name on the front

Fossil Preserved remains of ancient life Found mostly in sedimentary rock Never in igneous

Fossil Preserved remains of ancient life Found mostly in sedimentary rock Never in igneous rock

Formed (usually) An organism dies Body is covered with sediment (quickly) Slowly hardens into

Formed (usually) An organism dies Body is covered with sediment (quickly) Slowly hardens into a fossil Fleshy parts decay Hard parts leave

 Molds & casts �Mold is hollow area left after organism finally decays �Cast

Molds & casts �Mold is hollow area left after organism finally decays �Cast is when mineral deposits fill the mold, creating a copy

 Carbon Film �Thin coating of carbon left behind on a rock

Carbon Film �Thin coating of carbon left behind on a rock

 Trace Fossils �Show evidence of activity �Not the organism itself �Footprints �Burrows

Trace Fossils �Show evidence of activity �Not the organism itself �Footprints �Burrows

 Index fossils �Certain fossils occur all over �For short period of time �Example:

Index fossils �Certain fossils occur all over �For short period of time �Example: Trilobites �Index fossils tell relative ages of rock layers for different

Fossil record Provide evidence of how life has changed over time Older fossils (found

Fossil record Provide evidence of how life has changed over time Older fossils (found deeper) have simplest organisms get more complex Give clues to past environments

Supports theory of evolution Includes the remains of many extinct species

Supports theory of evolution Includes the remains of many extinct species