Rock Cycle 3 Major Rock Groups Igneous formed

Rock Cycle

3 Major Rock Groups Igneous – formed by cooling magma and lava n Sedimentary – formed from rock fragments n Metamorphic – change or alter of rocks by heat, pressure, or chemical fluids n

Igneous n Forms from magma ¨ mixture of molten rock/gas n Intrusive – underground → slow cooling, large crystals n Extrusive – above ground → fast cooling, small crystals

Igneous n 3 types ¨ Felsic n n Thin/quick moving lava Light ¨ Mafic n n Thick/slow moving lava Dark ¨ Intermediate

Igneous n Crystal size ¨ Phaneritic n n Intrusive Slow cooling ¨ Aphanitic n n - large Grain – fine grain Extrusive Fast cooling ¨ None n n Extrusive Extremely fast cooling

Sedimentary n Forms over time ¨ sediment squeezed and cemented together ¨ Sediment n small, solid pieces of material

Sedimentary n 3 types ¨ Clastic n Broken fragments of other rock ¨ ex. Shale, conglomerate ¨ Chemical n Minerals precipitate out of solution ¨ Ex. Rock salt, limestone ¨ Organic n Living organisms form rock ¨ Ex. Coal

Metamorphic n Formed from… ¨ Igneous ¨ Sedimentary ¨ Metamorphic n Changed by ¨ Heat ¨ Pressure ¨ Chemical reaction

Metamorphic n 2 types of Metamorphism ¨ Regional n Mountain building movement n High Heat and Pressure ¨ Local n Contact ¨ n Formed from heat found at hot spots Deformational Fault shifts ¨ Low heat/high pressure ¨ Ex. San Andres Fault ¨

n Classification of Metamorphic Rocks ¨ Foliated n Slate, Gneiss ¨ Non n – layered rocks Foliated – not layered Marble

Rock Cycle n Process of the Cycle ¨ Weathering n Breakup of rock ¨ Erosion n Removal/transport of broken down materials ¨ Melting ¨ Cooling ¨ Compaction ¨ Cementation n Binding fragments together w/minerals ¨ Heat ¨ Pressure