Robinson Crusoe By Daniel Defoe English Department College

Robinson Crusoe By Daniel Defoe English Department, College of Arts Mustansiriyah University March, 2020 Second Year / Morning Classes 2020 Instructor : Dr. Hayfaa Mohammed Shareef

Daniel Defoe (1660 – 1731): Life • Defoe was an English writer and a journalist. • He was educated at an academy in Newington Green in London. • In 1683, Defoe became as a merchant and travelled widely, but was often in debt. • Defoe married Mary Tuffley, the daughter of a London merchant, and had eight children.

Chapters One and Two • The novel is written in the first-person narrative point of view. The main character, Robinson Crusoe is the narrator. • He was born in 1632, in York, England. His father advises him to choose a career as a lawyer or merchant; and to be content with his "middle station" in life as a middle class person. • Crusoe acts against the will and warning of his parents and providence, preferring an adventurous life at the sea to the comfort and security at home. • Crusoe will regret his decision and will consider it as his "original sin", “ ill fate”, or “wicked action”.

Chart of Crusoe’s Sea Voyages His First Voyage to London Fear of death Regret his decision Shipwreck and Safe arrival Second Voyage to Africa Successful journey Robinson becomes a merchant and a sailor Robinson Crusoe Sea Voyages Third Voyage to Africa Piracy &Enslavement (two years ) Escape and Settlement in Brazil as a plantation owner Fourth Voyage to Africa , Shipwreck , Sole survivor on a desolate island for many years until rescue

Crusoe’s Life on the Island • The ship runs into a storm and is forced to change course, and the entire crew is lost. • Crusoe alone survives and swims to a nearby island. He sleeps his first night on a tree. • He makes several trips to the ship to get tools and useful things before it sinks. He takes food, dry clothes, guns, ammunition, and money. • He feels threatened on the island wants protection, but the gun also represents his ability to control the environment and assert power. • He also brings money, though it is useless to him. He keeps it because it represents his hope that he might one day have use for it after he is rescued.

Chapter 5 : Crusoe’s Calendar • He decides to write a calendar in order to track the days he spends on the island. It also represents a basic human need to mark the passage of time. • Crusoe’s journal recounts his early days on the island, starting on September 30, 1659, the day of his landing. • He describes the trips he makes to the wreck of the ship and building his early settlement, as well as daily hunting trips with his gun and his dog