ROBERT BOYLE 1627 91 Boyles air pump Lavoisier

ROBERT BOYLE (1627 -91)

Boyle's air pump.

Lavoisier, Antoine (1743 -1794)

Portrait of Antoine-Laurent and Marie-Anne Lavoisier (detail) 1788 Oil on canvas Metropolitan Musuem of Art, New York

The Phlogiston Theory http: //www. philiplarson. com/e 1. shtml Chemistry was so underdeveloped at the time Lavoisier gained interest in it that it could hardly be called a science. The prevailing view of combustion was the Phlogiston Theory which involved a weightless or nearly weightless substance known as phlogiston. Metals and fire were considered to be rich in phlogiston and earth was considered oxygen poor.

John Dalton - father of the modern atomic theory

Lavoisier definition of the chemical elements was an essential foundation for Dalton’s atomic theory

derivative work: Diego Grez Ernest Rutherford

J. J. Thomson

May 1932: Chadwick reports the discovery of the neutron

Quantum Theory Timeline At the start of the twentieth century, scientists believed that they understood the most fundamental principles of nature. Atoms were solid building blocks of nature; people trusted Newtonian laws of motion; most of the problems of physics seemed to be solved. However, starting with Einstein's theory of relativity which replaced Newtonian mechanics, scientists gradually realized that their knowledge was far from complete. Of particular interest was the growing field of quantum mechanics, which completely altered the fundamental precepts of physics.

Particles discovered 1898 - 1964 http: //www. particleadventure. org/other/history/quantumt. html

http: //www-physics. lbl. gov/physdiv/images/new/1999 chart. jpg

Standard Model of Elementary Particles Miss. MJ

jurvetson of flickr. com Murray Gell-Mann Coined quark James Joyce’s Novel Finnegans Wake

http: //pr. caltech. edu/periodicals/Caltech. News/articles/v 38/asymptotic. html Forces of Nature. Between them, Caltech physicists Murray Gell-Mann (left) and Richard Feynman dominated the landscape of postwar theoretical physicis and laid much of the groundwork for the current work on unification.

Max Born

Niels Bohr

Niels Bohr Institute

GFHund Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Wolfgang Pauli, Otto Stern, Lise Meitner, Rudolf Ladenburg and other physicists, probable 1937 on the occasion of an colloquy with Nobel Price winners at Copenhagen

"The more precisely the POSITION is determined, the less precisely the MOMENTUM is known"

Erwin Schrödinger

Schrödinger's Cat Dhatfield

God plays no dice.

Freeman Dyson, frog prince of physics

Freeman Dyson loves the metaphor that divides scientists into two groups: Birds, who look down upon everything and have a God's-eye view of the world, and frogs, who spend their time in the mud. The renowned Princeton physicist calls himself a frog. "I'm not against the first group, but they take an exalted view of science. Frogs typically enjoy exploring things locally and developing skills. "

Difference_DNA_RNA-DE. svg: Sponk translation: Sponk

Rudolf Ludwig Mössbaue German physicist and winner, with Robert Hofstadter of the United States, of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1961 for his discovery of the Mössbauer effect.

Two criteria for the Empirical Science • Repeat • Reproduce

跳不動的青蛙 Flicker: striatic

Two criteria for the Empirical Science • Repeat • Reproduce

實證科學的再定義 Redefination of the Empirical Science • 自圓其說 ( Self Consistency) • 運作有效 (Operation Effective)

Niels Bohr

I think it is safe to say that no one understands quantum mechanics. Do not keep saying to yourself, if you can possibly avoid it, "But how can it be like that? " because you will get "down the drain" into a blind alley from which nobody has yet escaped. “ ~ Richard Feynman Those who are not shocked when they first come across quantum mechanics cannot possibly have understood it. ~ Niels Bohr

Eugene Paul Wigner 1902 -1995 The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963

Thus, relativistic Quantum Theory is at least four lavers Deep. “The Limits of Science” By Eegene P. Wigner

Human science face an impasse since their central concept of the self is transcendental. 人類科學面對了一個難局， 因為他對於本身的中心概念是先驗的。 史登（Gunther S. Stent)

Steven Weinberg , American Physcist, Winner of 1979 Nobel Prize on Physics

我們對宇宙了解得越多， 就越發感覺到宇宙的無意義。 The more the universe seems comprehensible, the more it also seems pointless. “宇宙的最初三分鐘” “The first three minutes” 諾貝爾物理獎得主 溫伯格 （Steven Weinberg)

是先天? 還是測量? GJo Neils Bohr : Complementarity Principle

作品 授權條件 作者/來源 wikimedia http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Robert_boyle. jpg 2010/11/6 WIKI: Robert Boyle http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Boyle_air_pump. jpg 2010/12/17 wikimedia http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Antoine_lavoisier. jpg 2010/11/6 Wikimedia : Jacques-Louis David http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Portrait_of_Antoine-Laurent_Lavoisier_and_his_wife. jpg 2010/12/10 PHILIPLARSON. COM http: //www. philiplarson. com/e 1. shtml 2010/12/17 Wikimedia Henry Roscoe http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Dalton_John_desk. jpg 2010/11/6 wikimedia http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Ernest_Rutherford. jpg 2010/11/7

作品 授權條件 作者/來源 Nicolas Morin Photographe http: //www. nicolasmorin. ca/mcgill/cat. asp? i. Cat=47 2010/12/11 mlahanas http: //www. mlahanas. de/Physics/Bios/Ernest. Rutherford. html 2010/12/11 Kaitaia College http: //www. kaitaiacollege. school. nz/departments/science/physics/rutherford. htm 2010/12/11 Shutterstock image http: //www. shutterstock. com/pic-52902904/stock-photo-ussr-circa-a-post-stampprinted-in-ussr-and-shows-portrait-of-famous-scientist-physicist. html 2010/12/11 Wikimedia: First World War. com http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: J. J_Thomson. jpg 2010/11/7 Wikimedia : Bortzells Esselte http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Chadwick. jpg 2010/12/10

作品 P 17文字部分 授權條件 作者/來源 particleadventure. org http: //www. particleadventure. org/other/history/quantumt. html 2010/12/18 particleadventure. org http: //www. particleadventure. org/other/history/quantumt. html 2010/12/17 U. S. Department of Energy National Laboratory http: //www-physics. lbl. gov/physdiv/images/new/1999 chart. jpg 2010/12/17 Miss. MJ http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Standard_Model_of_Elementary_Particles. svg 2010/12/17 jurvetson of flickr. com http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Murray_Gell-Mann. jpg 2010/12/10 California institute of technology http: //pr. caltech. edu/periodicals/Caltech. News/articles/v 38/asymptotic. html 2010/12/17 維基百科 http: //zh. wikipedia. org/zhtw/%E 5%93%A 5%E 6%9 C%AC%E 5%93%88%E 6%A 0%B 9%E 8%A 9%AE%E 9 %87%8 B 2010 -12 -21 第 24頁文字

作品 第 29 -30、51頁文字 授權條件 作者/來源 wikimedia http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Max_Born_young. jpg 2010/11/5 wikimedia http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Niels_Bohr. jpg 2010/11/5 wikimedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Niels_Bohr_Institute_1. jpg 2010/12/17 GFHund http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Bohr_Heisenberg_Pauli_Meitner_u. a. _1 937. jpg 2010/12/17 DCC http: //www. phy. ncu. edu. tw/dcc/History/Struggle%20 of%20 Titans. htm 2010 -12 -21 wikimedia http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Heisenberg_10. jpg 2010/11/5 Nobel foundation http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Schrodinger. jpg 2010/11/5

作品 授權條件 作者/來源 Dhatfield http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Schrodingers_cat. svg 2010/11/5 維基百科 http: //zh. wikipedia. org/zh/%E 6%84%9 B%E 5%9 B%A 0%E 6%96%AF%E 5%9 D %A 6 -%E 6%B 3%A 2%E 5%A 4%9 A%E 5%B 0%94%E 6%96%AF%E 5%9 F%BA%E 7%BE%85%E 6%A 3%AE%E 6%82%96%E 8%AB%96 2010/12/20 nobelprize. org http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Albert_Einstein_(Nobel). png 2010/11/7 E. O. Hoppe http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Albert_Einstein_violin. jpg 2010/11/7 Jacob Appelbaum http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Freeman_Dyson. jpg 2010/12/10 October 6, 2006 By Esther Soloveichik http: //www. cioupdate. com/trends/article. php/3636586/Birds-Frogs-and-Brogs. htm 2010/12/21 Madison High School http: //www. madisonpublicschools. org/51495715123440/site/default. asp 2010/11/5 第 36頁文字部分 第 40頁文字

作品 授權條件 作者/來源 Sponk http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Difference_DNA_RNA-EN. svg 2010/12/17 Britannic https: //www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic-art/393799/18029/Rudolf-Ludwig. Mossbauer 2010/12/10 Nobel foundation http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Mossbauer. jpg 2010/12/17 Flicker: striatic http: //www. flickr. com/photos/striatic/1644135/lightbox/ 2010/12/17 Wiki user : Madprime http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Mouse. svg 2010/12/17 Wiki User: Zero. One http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Maze 01 -01. png 2010/12/17 wikimedia http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Feynman_at_Los_Alamos. jpg 2010/12/11

作品 第 56頁文字部分 授權條件 作者/來源 Richard Feynman http: //strangewondrous. net/browse/subject/q/quantum+mechanics 2010/12/20 wikimedia http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Niels_Bohr_Date_Unverified_LOC. jpg 2010/12/11 Niels Bohr http: //strangewondrous. net/browse/subject/q/quantum+mechanics 2010/12/20 Argonne National Laboratory, Courtesy http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Wigner. JPG 2010/12/11 Alanmak http: //zh. wikipedia. org/zh-tw/File: CNYang. jpg 2010/12/11 Wiki user : Chaiken http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Andersonphoto. jpg 2010/12/11 Steven Weinberg

作品 第 59頁文字部分 第 65頁英文部分 授權條件 作者/來源 Lumidek http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: Steven-weinberg. jpg 2010/12/11 杨振宁, 張奠宙, 《杨振宁文集: 傳记, 演讲, 随笔, 第 1 卷》, 华东师范大学出 版社, 1998 Wikipedia http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Steven_Weinberg 2010/12/21 GJo http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Coat_of_Arms_of_Niels_Bohr. svg 2010/12/11