Roanoke Jamestown and Plymouth By Ms Astle Lost

Roanoke, Jamestown, and Plymouth By: Ms. Astle

Lost Colony of Roanoke

Roanoke 1854 England’s Queen Elizabeth gave Sir Walter Raleigh the right to claim land in North America. Raleigh sent scouts across the ocean to find a good place for a colony. They report about a place called Roanoke Island, off the coast of North Carolina. Raleigh sent settlers to Roanoke Island twice. First group arrived in 1584. John white explored the area and drew pictures of what he saw. The 1585 expedition produced some valuable information about the people and places. The colony did not survive. Suffering through a difficult winter, the colonists gave up and returned to England.

Lost Colony of Roanoke In 1587 Raleigh tried to create a colony once again. Sir Walter Raleigh created the colony under the leadership of John White. Raleigh sent 91 men, 17 women, 9 children to Roanoke Island. Shortly after their arrival, John White’s daughter had a baby girl named Virginia Dare, who was the first English child born in North America. Nine days after his granddaughter was born John White returned to England for supplies. He hoped to be gone a couple of months

Lost Colony White was delayed because of war with Spain. Fighting between England Spain made it impossible for White to sail back to Roanoke for nearly three years. When White returned, he found the colony deserted. The only clue was a tree with the word Croatoan cared on it. Roanoke colonists were never seen again.

Jamestown

Jamestown Virginia Company of London received a charter from King James I to create a colony in North America. The company hoped to find gold and establish trade in fish and furs. In December 1606 the London Company sent 144 men on three ships —Discovery, Susan Constant, and the Godspeed to build a new colony. In April 1607 the ships reach Virginia and enter the Chesapeake Bay. They sailed up a river, which they named the James River in honor of their king. They name their colony Jamestown in honor of their king. Location—Good for lookout and trade but bad due to mosquitoes and its lack of good drinking water.

Jamestown Colonists face severe hardships, including disease and hunger. Many die of malaria and typhoid fever By September 1607— 1/2 of the colonists died and by January only 38 are still alive The colony survives the first two years in part because of twenty-seven year old. John Smith forced the settlers to work. Ordered everyone to build houses, fortifications, dig wells, clear fields, and plant crops

John Smith His motto was “No work, no food. ” He also built ties with, and got food from, the local Powhatan people and their chief, Powhatan. In 1609 500 new settlers arrive including women. In late 1609, John Smith is injured and had to return to England. Without Smith the colony struggled and Powhatan stopped providing food. The winter was called the “Starving Time. ” Only 60 survive. In the spring more colonists arrive to replace those that died.

John Rolfe and Pocahontas 1612—John Rolfe begins growing a type of tobacco using seeds from the West Indies. He ships the tobacco to England makes huge profits. Soon planters all along the James River start growing the valuable crop. 1614—John Rolfe marries Pocahontas and relations between the Powhatan improve. She travels to England tours the country. 1617—One way home from England Pocahontas catches smallpox and dies The Virginia Company began giving a headright, or land grant, of 50 acres to settlers who paid for their own way to the colony. This helped the colony succeed.

House of Burgesses 1619—Dutch ship brings first Africans to Jamestown from West Indies. Most of them were indentured servants, and a few were slaves. The Virginia Company gave the colonists the right to take part in their own government. In 1619 land-owning male colonists cast ballots for burgesses, or representatives. The House of Burgesses is created and is the first legislature in North America elected by the people. The company faced financial troubles and in 1624 King James took away the companies charter. Virginia became a royal colony, it was under direct control of the government of England.

Plymouth

Plymouth Separatists who left the Anglican Church. Attacked for their beliefs and shut of communities. Call themselves Pilgrims---travelers with a religious goal. Pilgrims gained a charter from the London Company to set up a colony in Virginia. John Carver gave financial backing and found a ship---the Mayflower.

Plymouth September 1620 Pilgrims left Plymouth, England for America. 100 men, women , and children. Crossing was stormy and they were blown off course. November 9, 1620 the Mayflower came to the tip of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. They were outside the area of their charter and its laws.

Mayflower Compact Created a document of self-government to establish law and discipline before leaving the ship. 41 men aboard signed and agreed to obey laws passed by the majority. John Carver is chosen as governor.

“Starving Time” December 1620 They search for a month then go ashore and settle on cleared land that once was a Native American village. Winter was hard and they had a “starving time. ” By spring ½ died.

Samoset and Squanto March 1621 Native American named Samoset appeared and greeted them in English. Introduced them to Massasoit—chief of the Wampanoag. Squanto taught the Pilgrims how to survive. He taught them to hunt in the forest, plant corn, and where to catch fish. Squanto acted as interpreter and helped keep peace.

Thanksgiving With the help of the Native Americans the Pilgrims had an abundant harvest in 1621. Shared their harvest with the Natives in a festival. It became the 1 st Thanksgiving. 1621 Council for New England officially granted Pilgrims a charter for Plymouth Colony. Plymouth was a poor colony and grew slowly.

Sources Multimedia Collections: Colonial America (2001) Teacher Created Materials, Inc. CD-Rom. Jamestown (Heather Astle Photographs) (2006) Jamestown, Virginia. Jamestown Postcards (2006) Jamestown, Virginia. Wikipedia: Pocahontas (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pocahontas Wikipedia: Mayflower Compact (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mayflower_compact Wikipedia: Thanksgiving (2008) Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. at URL: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Thanksgiving Plymouth Postcards, Heather Astle

Sources NYPL Digital Gallery: Early Plymouth (2008) New York Public Library at URL: http: //digitalgallery. nypl. org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchresult. cfm? keyword=earl y+plymouth NYPL Digital Gallery: Rolfe’s Tobacco Shed (2008) Ney York Public Library at URL: http: //digitalgallery. nypl. org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchresult. cfm? keyword=Rol fe%27 s+tobacco+shed NYPL Digital Gallery: Virginia Map (2008) New York Public Library at ULR: http: //digitalgallery. nypl. org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail. cfm? trg=1&struc. I D=253066&image. ID=434447&word=virginia%20 map&s=1&notword=&d=&c=& f=&l. Word=&l. Field=&s. Scope=&s. Level=&s. Label=&total=230&num=12&imgs=12 &p. Num=&pos=23# Heather Astle Plymouth Plantation Photgraphs (June 2009) Plymouth, MA Heather Astle Mayflower Photographs (June 2009) Plymouth, MA. Heather Astle Jamestown Photos (April 2009) Jamestown, VA.