RNA Ribonucleic Acid Compared to DNA RNA Structure

RNA = Ribonucleic Acid Compared to DNA?

RNA Structure • Single strand • Ribose sugar • Nitrogen base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) • Base pairing rule A-U, C-G

Function of RNA • Carries out DNA message by making proteins • Leaves nucleus to do work of DNA

3 Types of RNA 1. Messenger RNA (m. RNA) • Carry copies of instructions for making protein from nucleus to ribosome

2. Ribosomal RNA (r. RNA) • Structural component of ribosomes

3. Transfer RNA (t. RNA) • Transfers each amino acid to the ribosome to be added to the protein.

Proteins • Used for structure - Ex. Bone, hair, nails, muscle, skin, etc. • Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen • Monomers—amino acids (20 different kinds) • Some proteins are used to speed up chemical reactions - enzymes

Peptide Bond • In condensation reaction (Aka Dehydration synthesis) a peptide bond forms between the C & N joining amino acids into a protein + H 2 O

AA AA Peptide bonds between C and N AA AA

Amino acids Protein Amino acids

Protein Synthesis • Happens in Two Stages 1. Transcription (in nucleus) – copying DNA into RNA 2. Translation (in cytoplasm/ on ribosome) – reading RNA information to join amino acids into a protein

Review RNA can be Messenger RNA also called Ribosomal RNA which functions to m. RNA Carry instructions also called which functions to r. RNA Combine with proteins from to to make up DNA Ribosomes Transfer RNA also called which functions to t. RNA Bring amino acids to ribosome

Protein Synthesis Animations

To sum it all up: