RNA PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Turner College Career High School

  • Slides: 25
Download presentation
RNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Turner College & Career High School 2017

RNA & PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Turner College & Career High School 2017

Genes Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins. Genetic messages

Genes Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins. Genetic messages can be decoded by copying part of the nucleotide sequence from DNA into RNA contains coded information for making proteins.

The Structure of RNA There are three main differences between RNA and DNA: The

The Structure of RNA There are three main differences between RNA and DNA: The sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose. RNA is generally single-stranded. RNA contains uracil in place of thymine.

Types of RNA There are three main types of RNA: Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA

Types of RNA There are three main types of RNA: Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA

Messenger RNA (m. RNA) carries copies of instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins.

Messenger RNA (m. RNA) carries copies of instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins.

Ribosomal RNA Ribosomes are made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA (r. RNA). Ribosome

Ribosomal RNA Ribosomes are made up of proteins and ribosomal RNA (r. RNA). Ribosome Ribosomal RNA

Transfer RNA During protein construction, transfer RNA (t. RNA) transfers each amino acid to

Transfer RNA During protein construction, transfer RNA (t. RNA) transfers each amino acid to the ribosome. Amino Acid

Protein Synthesis DNA molecule DNA strand (template) TRANSCRIPTION m. RNA Codon TRANSLATION Protein Amino

Protein Synthesis DNA molecule DNA strand (template) TRANSCRIPTION m. RNA Codon TRANSLATION Protein Amino Acid

Transcription DNA is copied in the form of RNA. This first process is called

Transcription DNA is copied in the form of RNA. This first process is called transcription. The process begins at a section of DNA called a promoter.

Transcription RNA polymerase DNA

Transcription RNA polymerase DNA

RNA Editing Some DNA within a gene is not needed to produce a protein.

RNA Editing Some DNA within a gene is not needed to produce a protein. These areas are called introns. The DNA sequences that code for proteins are called exons.

RNA Editing The introns are cut of RNA molecules. Exon The exons are the

RNA Editing The introns are cut of RNA molecules. Exon The exons are the spliced together to form m. RNA. Intron DNA Pre-m. RNA Cap Tail

The Genetic Code The genetic code is the “language” of m. RNA instructions. The

The Genetic Code The genetic code is the “language” of m. RNA instructions. The code is written using four “letters” (the bases: A, U, C, and G).

The Genetic Code A codon consists of three consecutive nucleotides on m. RNA that

The Genetic Code A codon consists of three consecutive nucleotides on m. RNA that specify a particular amino acid.

The Genetic Code Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

The Genetic Code Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Translation Translation is the decoding of an m. RNA message into a polypeptide chain

Translation Translation is the decoding of an m. RNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein). Translation takes place on ribosomes. During translation, the cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. Nucleus m. RNA

Translation The ribosome binds new t. RNA molecules and amino acids as it moves

Translation The ribosome binds new t. RNA molecules and amino acids as it moves along the m. RNA. Phenylalanine Methionine Ribosome m. RNA Start Codon t. RNA Lysine

Protein Synthesis Lysine t. RNA Translation direction m. RNA Ribosome

Protein Synthesis Lysine t. RNA Translation direction m. RNA Ribosome

Translation The process continues until the ribosome reaches a stop codon. Polypeptide Ribosome t.

Translation The process continues until the ribosome reaches a stop codon. Polypeptide Ribosome t. RNA m. RNA

Genes & Proteins DNA m. RNA Protein

Genes & Proteins DNA m. RNA Protein

Review Questions The role of a master plan in a building is similar to

Review Questions The role of a master plan in a building is similar to the role of which molecule? 1. 2. 3. 4. Messenger RNA DNA Transfer RNA Ribosomal RNA

Review Questions A base that is present in RNA but NOT in DNA is

Review Questions A base that is present in RNA but NOT in DNA is … 1. 2. 3. 4. Thymine. Uracil. Cytosine. Adenine.

Review Questions The nucleic acid responsible for bringing individual amino acids to the ribosome

Review Questions The nucleic acid responsible for bringing individual amino acids to the ribosome is … 1. 2. 3. 4. Transfer RNA. DNA. Messenger RNA. Ribosomal RNA.

Review Questions A region of a DNA molecule that indicates to an enzyme where

Review Questions A region of a DNA molecule that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA is the … 1. 2. 3. 4. Intron. Exon. Promoter. Codon.

Review Questions A codon typically carries sufficient information to specify a(an) … 1. 2.

Review Questions A codon typically carries sufficient information to specify a(an) … 1. 2. 3. 4. Single base pair in RNA. Single amino acid. Entire protein. Single base pair in DNA.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Jessica Hawley PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein SynthesisPROTEIN SYNTHESIS Jessica Hawley PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis PROTEIN SYNTHESIS n Protein synthesis involvesProtein Synthesis PROTEIN SYNTHESIS n Protein synthesis involves
Transcription Translation Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Protein synthesisTranscription Translation Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Jessica Hawley PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein SynthesisPROTEIN SYNTHESIS Jessica Hawley PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis
RNA and Protein Synthesis RNA Compare RNA toRNA and Protein Synthesis RNA Compare RNA to
RNA and Protein Synthesis RNA RNA is aRNA and Protein Synthesis RNA RNA is a
RNA and Protein Synthesis RNA RNA Ribonucleic AcidRNA and Protein Synthesis RNA RNA Ribonucleic Acid
RNA Protein Synthesis Vocabulary Messenger RNA m RNARNA Protein Synthesis Vocabulary Messenger RNA m RNA
RNA and Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis is theRNA and Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis is the
CHAPTER RNA and Protein 13 Synthesis Protein SynthesisCHAPTER RNA and Protein 13 Synthesis Protein Synthesis
Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Cytoplasm Instructions DNA RNAProtein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Cytoplasm Instructions DNA RNA
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DNA RNAPROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION TRANSLATION PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DNA RNA
Genetics RNA and Protein Synthesis Review Protein synthesisGenetics RNA and Protein Synthesis Review Protein synthesis
Translation Protein Synthesis RNA protein Making a proteinTranslation Protein Synthesis RNA protein Making a protein
TRANSLATION PROTEIN RNA PROTEIN SYNTHESIS MAKING A PROTEINTRANSLATION PROTEIN RNA PROTEIN SYNTHESIS MAKING A PROTEIN
Translation Protein Synthesis RNA protein Making a proteinTranslation Protein Synthesis RNA protein Making a protein
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis The production synthesis ofPROTEIN SYNTHESIS Protein Synthesis The production synthesis of
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1 Protein Synthesis The production synthesisPROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1 Protein Synthesis The production synthesis
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1 Protein Synthesis The production synthesisPROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1 Protein Synthesis The production synthesis
Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Synthesis the process ofProtein Synthesis Protein Synthesis Synthesis the process of
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1 Protein Synthesis The production synthesisPROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1 Protein Synthesis The production synthesis
t RNA t RNA Transfer RNA t RNAt RNA t RNA Transfer RNA t RNA
RNA RNA RNA ribonucleic acid RNA is aRNA RNA RNA ribonucleic acid RNA is a
RNA m RNA informacijska RNA r RNA ribosomskaRNA m RNA informacijska RNA r RNA ribosomska