RNA and Protein Synthesis RNA RNA Ribonucleic Acid

RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA • RNA – Ribonucleic Acid • Single stranded nucleotide chain – Single stranded helix • DNA’s Thymine is REPLACED by Uracil – A & T “break up” because of the new guy: U – But C & G are still 4 -eva

RNA • 3 types of RNA – messenger – t. RNA – transfer – r. RNA – ribosomal

• m. RNA - messenger RNA – Used for protein synthesis – Codes for amino acid sequence – made from DNA – travels • Nucleus Cytoplasm Ribosomes DNA: GACCATAGC m. RNA: CUGGUAUCG Codon: group of 3 bases “GAC” or “CAT”

• t. RNA – transfer RNA – Brings specific amino acid to the growing amino acid chain m. RNA codon “UGG” – “fetching puppy” Anticodon “ACC” Corresponding Amino Acid

The Genetic Code • Use m. RNA codons with chart!!!!

DNA sequence: m. RNA sequence: 1 st Codon in seq: Find the 2 nd letter in the codon across Find the first letter in the codon here TACCATAGC AUGGUAUCG AUG Find the 3 rd letter in the codon down

Codon “AUG” Methionine (START)

Practice using your own chart 1) 2) 3) 4) DNA sequence: TCCAAT m. RNA sequence: AGGUUA Codons: AGG UUA Amino Acid sequence: Arginine – Leucine

Argenine – Leucine – Aspartic Acid Peptide Bonds – amino acids are connected together through peptide bonds Proteins = polypeptide = amino acid chain

Transcription & Translation • Transcription – stage of protein synthesis where instructions for making a protein are transferred to an RNA molecule – DNA m. RNA : transcription • Translation – stage of protein synthesis when the information in m. RNA is used to make proteins – m. RNA amino acid chain