RNA and Protein Synthesis Chapter 11 C 10

What are Genes? Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins

Central Dogma Transcription DNA RNA Occurs in the Nucleus C 10 L 10 C

What is RNA? Similar to DNA EXCEPT it differs in 3 ways : 1.

What is RNA? Similar to DNA EXCEPT it differs in 3 ways : 2.

What is RNA? Similar to DNA EXCEPT it differs in 3 ways : 3.

Why use RNA? RNA is a throw away copy of DNA that can leave

Types of RNA There are 3 types of RNA: 1. Messenger RNA (m. RNA)

Protein Synthesis Consists of 2 main stages: 1. Transcription – Takes place in the

Transcription This is the stage where the RNA is made from a strand of

What happens during transcription? 1. The RNA polymerase will bind to the DNA at

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RNA and Protein Synthesis Chapter 11 C 10 L 10 C 12

What are Genes? Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell C 10 L 10 C 12

Central Dogma Transcription DNA RNA Occurs in the Nucleus C 10 L 10 C 12 Proteins

What is RNA? Similar to DNA EXCEPT it differs in 3 ways : 1. The Sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose C 10 L 10 C 12

What is RNA? Similar to DNA EXCEPT it differs in 3 ways : 2. RNA is single stranded (not double stranded like DNA) C 10 L 10 C 12

What is RNA? Similar to DNA EXCEPT it differs in 3 ways : 3. RNA contains the nitrogen base Uracil instead of Thymine (but it’s still a pyrimadine) Uracil Adenine Let’s make an RNA strand DNA A T G C A C m. RNA U A C G U G C 10 L 10 C 12 In RNA • There is no Thymine • Adanine bonds to Uracil A–U

Why use RNA? RNA is a throw away copy of DNA that can leave the nucleus DNA can not leave the nucleus RNA can!! C 10 L 10 C 12

Types of RNA There are 3 types of RNA: 1. Messenger RNA (m. RNA) – Carry copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins – Serve as “messengers” from DNA to the rest of the cell 2. Ribosomal RNA (r. RNA) – Helps build ribosomes 3. Transfer RNA (t. RNA) – Transfers the amino. C 10 L 10 C 12 acid to the ribosome

Protein Synthesis Consists of 2 main stages: 1. Transcription – Takes place in the nucleus. 2. Translation – Takes place in the ribosome. C 10 L 10 C 12

Transcription This is the stage where the RNA is made from a strand of DNA using the enzyme RNA polymerase. This occurs in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cell. C 10 L 10 C 12

What happens during transcription? 1. The RNA polymerase will bind to the DNA at a specific site known as the promoter. ( the start signal region of DNA) 2. RNA polymerase will unwind the DNA helix and separate the 2 strands. 3. RNA polymerase moves along the DNA using one strand of DNA as a template and base pairs a new RNA strand until it reaches a STOP codon and falls off. 4. The DNA then rewinds itself back into a C 10 L 10 C 12

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