RNA and DNA Structures Lesson Objectives By the

RNA and DNA Structures

Lesson Objectives By the end of this lesson you should be able to: Analyze Explain the differences between DNA and RNA. how the base pairing in DNA and RNA was discovered

Words to Know

What are similarities and differences between the structure of DNA and RNA? Nucleic acids: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double stranded helical polymer It contains The A phosphate group And sugar deoxyribose, the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine DNA Is found in the nucleus Codes for protein

Nucleic Acids: RNA (ribonucleic acid) is single stranded nucleic acid. It contains: The sugar ribose A phosphate group And the bases adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil RNA Moves code in DNA from nucleus to ribosomes

DNA Structure Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA consisting of: A five carbon sugar, deoxyribose, a key element of DNA A phosphate group A nitrogenous base Adenine Cytosine Guanine thymine

RNA Structure: Components A five carbon sugar, ribose a key element in RNA A phosphate group A nitrogenous base Adenine Cytosine guanine Uracil

RNA Structure: Function RNA moves genetic information in DNA from the nucleus to ribosomes so that proteins can be produced.

DNA and RNA Structure RNA-ribonucleic acid the sugar is ribose DNA-deoxyribonucleic acid the sugar is deoxyribose RNA is a single strand of nucleotides With DNA, you have two strands that are linked together in a twisted helix shape The bases in RNA are cytosine, guanine, adenine or uracil The bases in DNA are cytosine guanine adenine or thymine

Phoebus Levene Profile Discovered deoxyribose and ribose Proposed the polynucleotide model, stating DNA and RNA were composed of nucleotides

Erwin Chargaff Profile Amounts of adenine equal amount of thymine Amount of cytosine equal amounts of guanine He developed Chargaff's rule: A=T C=G

James Watson and Francis Crick Profile Used diffraction photo created by Rosalind Franklin to create an accurate model of DNA structure Used Chargaff's rule to determine base pairings

Marshall Nirenberg and J. Heinrich Matthaei Profile Studied synthetic RNA in the bacteria E. coli Conducted poly-U experiment Discovered RNA transmits DNA messages for protein synthesis

The Impact of Research Science Human genome project DNA sequencing Diagnosis, treatment, prevention of disease New information about evolution Society Genetic testing DNA Typing Environment Selective breeding Genetically modified organisms (GMO’s)

What are the similarities and difference between the structures of DNA and RNA? DNA is double stranded, and its function is to provide the information for protein synthesis. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, . And the bases in DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thyme. RNA is a single stranded molecule. Its function is to move the information that’s in the DNA out to the ribosomes. Its sugar is ribose. And the bases are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil.

Review: DNA and RNA Structure DNA RNA Information for protein synthesis Information moved to ribosomes Deoxyribose Ribose Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine Adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

Review: Discovering Base Pairing Phoebus Levene Discovered deoxyribose and ribose Proposed DNA and RNA were composed of nucleotides Erwin Chargaff Discovered amounts of bases were similar in all organisms Created Chargaff's rule: A=T and C=G James Watson and Francis Crick Used diffraction photo created by franklin and Chargaff's rule to create accurate model of DNA Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich Matthaei Discovered RNA transmits DNA message for protein synthesis