Rivier College CS 699 A Professional Seminar Fall
- Slides: 12
Rivier College, CS 699 A Professional Seminar Fall 1999 Comparison of Intel Microprocessor 8086, 386, 486, Pentium II by Hong Li 1
Introduction Computer technology has made incredible progress in the past half century. In 1945, there were no stored-program computers. Today, a few thousand dollars will purchase a personal computer that has more performance, more main memory, and more disk storage than a computer bought in 1965 for $1 million. During the first 25 years of electronic computers, both forces made a major contribution; but beginning in about 1970, computer designers became largely dependent upon integrated circuit technology. The late 1970 s saw the emergence of the microprocessor. • What is a microprocessor ? 2
The Intel 8086 Microprocessor It is a 16 -bit microprocessor chip available in speeds of 8 MHz, 10 MHz, and 12 MHz. It can address 1 Mb of data with only 16 -bit address. This is accomplished by segmenting memory into separate 64 K groups of data. Hardware and instructions integral to the 8086 control each 64 K group. 3
The Intel 8086 Microprocessor (continued) • • Memory Structure Data storage in 8086 memory Paragraphs Program Segmentation and Segment Registers Hardware Registers Flags Input/Output (I/O) Structure 4
Intel 386 Microprocessor It is an entry-level 32 -bit microprocessor designed for singleuser applications and operating systems such as MS-DOS and Windows. Base Architecture the Intel 386 consists of three major components: • a central processing unit (CPU) • a memory management unit -- segmentation unit -- the paging mechanism the Intel has two modes of operation: Real Address Mode (Real Mode), and Protected Virtual Address Mode (Protected Mode). • a bus interface 5
Intel 386 Microprocessor (continued) Registers 6
Intel 386 Microprocessor (continued) 7
Intel 386 Microprocessor (continued) • Instruction Set The instruction set is divided into nine categories of operations • Addressing Modes The Intel 386 provides a total of 11 addressing modes for instructions to specify operands • Memory organization – I/O Space – Real Mode Architecture – Protected Mode Architecture 8
Intel 486 microprocessor The Intel 486 CPU offers the highest performance for DOS, OS/2, Windows, and UNIX system V/Intel 386 applications. Its 100% binary compatible with the Intel 386 CPU. · · Architectural Overview Real Mode Architecture. Protected Mode Architecture On-Chip Cache 9
Pentium II Microprocessor The Pentium II processor features and benefits can enhance user’s computing experience: Introduction, Product Highlights, Dynamic Execution Technology, Intel MMX Technology, Thesting and Performance Monitioring Features. · Introduction · Product Highlights · Testing and Performance Monitoring Features 10
Summary · The Intel 8086 It is a 16 -bit architecture, with all internal registers 16 bits wide. · The Intel 80386 were included a 32 -bit data bus structure and the ability to address up to 4 GB of memory. · The Intel 80486 was a 32 -bit data bus structure, and the ability to address up to 64 GB of memory. · The Pentium II processor was a 7. 5 milliontransistor, it incorporates the Pentium pro and the Intel MMX technology, which is designed specifically to process video, audio and graphics data efficiently. 11
References: • • --http: //www. tasc. com/products/horizonmaster/HTML/irm/in/intel/init/html/intel 486. htm --http: //www. tasc. com/products/horizonmaster/HTML/irm/in/intel/init/html/intel 386. htm --http: //www 2. eng. cam. ac. uk/~dmh/d 7/resource/intro/tsld 012. htm --http: //www 2. eng. cam. ac. uk/~dmh/d 7/resource/intro/tsld 013. htm --http: //developer. intel. com/design/processor/future/roadmap. htm --http: //developer. intel. com/design/processor/future/overview. htm --http: //intel. com/pentiumii/xeon/home. htm --http: //intel. com/Pentium. III/Xeon/home. htm • David A. Patterson & John L. Hennessy, "Computer Architecture a Quantitative Approach, “ 2 nd edition, pp. 1 -3, pp. D 1 - D 14. "Intel Microprocessor: Volume I", 1994, Pg 1 -1 ---1 -66, Pg 3 -1 ---3 -30. "Intel Microprocessor: Volume II", 1994, Pg 2 -2 ---2 -85. Robert S. Lai, "Writing MS-DOS Device Drivers", 2 nd edition, The Waite Group, pp. 461 - 474. • • • 12
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