RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS INDUS RIVER VALLEY Essential Question

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RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS INDUS RIVER VALLEY

RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS INDUS RIVER VALLEY

Essential Question: –What were the important characteristics of the civilizations in the Indus River

Essential Question: –What were the important characteristics of the civilizations in the Indus River Valley? Warm-Up Question: –Name 2 similarities between Egypt & Mesopotamian civilizations –Name 2 differences

The Indus River Valley (India)

The Indus River Valley (India)

India began along the Indus River, which flooded and left behind fertile soil (yet

India began along the Indus River, which flooded and left behind fertile soil (yet another perfect place to start a civilization) Seasonal monsoons caused summer rains and floods, which helped create more fertile soil

The people of the Indian “subcontinent” were well protected by several natural barriers: the

The people of the Indian “subcontinent” were well protected by several natural barriers: the oceans, Himalaya Mountains, and the deserts that surrounded the Indus River Valley kept out invaders Mountains Deserts Oceans

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Advanced cities: Indus cities were laid out in a grid system with

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Advanced cities: Indus cities were laid out in a grid system with high walls and citadel of major buildings

This grid system would be used in many modern cities (such as New York

This grid system would be used in many modern cities (such as New York City)

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Specialized Workers: Indian society was divided by the “caste system”. This system

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Specialized Workers: Indian society was divided by the “caste system”. This system divided people into classes based on their “purity” in Hinduism

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Government: Little is known about Indus government other than they were ruled

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Government: Little is known about Indus government other than they were ruled by kings

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Religion: People in the Indus River Valley believed in a polytheistic religion

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Religion: People in the Indus River Valley believed in a polytheistic religion called Hinduism Hindus believe in reincarnation: one’s soul is repeatedly reborn until moksha occurs

Moksha (also known as nirvana or enlightenment) is the release of the spirit from

Moksha (also known as nirvana or enlightenment) is the release of the spirit from the human form A soul’s karma (good or bad deeds during life) effects your reincarnation (what you come back in life as) Today, Hinduism is the world’s oldest organized religion and its 3 rd largest with nearly a billion followers

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Writing: Indus writing has not been fully translated so much of Indus

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Writing: Indus writing has not been fully translated so much of Indus life is still a mystery

Writing contained about 400 symbols that were both pictograms and phonetic characters

Writing contained about 400 symbols that were both pictograms and phonetic characters

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Technology: Advanced plumbing: most houses in the Indus Valley had toilets and

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Technology: Advanced plumbing: most houses in the Indus Valley had toilets and private bathrooms connected to underground sewer systems

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Technology: They also made standardsized, oven-baked bricks

LASTING CONTRIBUTIONS Technology: They also made standardsized, oven-baked bricks

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