River Systems I Water Distribution 1 36 billion

River Systems

I. Water Distribution 1. 36 billion cubic km of water 97. 2% oceans 2. 15% glacial ice 0. 65% lakes, streams, ground water

II. The Hydrologic Cycle

III. Stream Flow A. Terms

III. Stream Flow A. Terms 1. Laminar vs. Turbulent

III. Stream Flow A. Terms 1. Laminar vs. Turbulent

III. Stream Flow A. Terms 2. Velocity, Area, Discharge

III. Stream Flow Discharge = Velocity x Area Q = V x A

III. Stream Flow A. Terms 3. Gradient

III. Stream Flow A. Terms 3. Gradient Rise = Run Vertical drop of the stream Horizontal Distance

Rise = Run Vertical drop of the stream Horizontal Distance

III. Stream Flow B. Downstream Trends 1. gradient 2. width and depth 3. discharge 4. velocity

III. Stream Flow B. Downstream Trends a. gradient b. width and depth c. discharge d. velocity

III. Stream Flow B. Downstream Trends a. gradient b. width and depth c. discharge d. velocity

III. Stream Flow B. Downstream Trends a. gradient b. width and depth c. discharge d. velocity

III. Stream Flow B. Downstream Trends a. gradient b. width and depth c. discharge d. velocity

III. Work of Running Water A. Erosion

III. Work of Running Water 1) Sheet flow A. Erosion

III. Work of Running Water A. Erosion 1) Sheet flow 2) Rill flow

3) Gully flow

III. Work of Running Water B. Transportation 1) dissolved load

B. Transportation 1) dissolved load 2) solid load suspended load

B. Transportation 1) dissolved load 2) solid load suspended load bed load

Bed load – – Rolling – Sliding – Saltation

Saltation

IV. Features of Streams

IV. Features of Streams A) Waterfalls and Rapids

IV. Features of Streams B) Meanders

Cutbanks Pointbars

IV. Features of Streams C) Pointbars

IV. Features of Streams D) Cutbanks

IV. Features of Streams

IV. Features of Streams E. Oxbow lakes

IV. Features of Streams E) Oxbow lakes

IV. Features of Streams F) Braided Streams •

G) Natural Levees

IV. Features of Streams H) Deltas

H) Deltas

IV. Features of Streams I) Floodplains and Terraces

V. “Other Topics” A) Drainage Patterns 1. dendritic

V. “Other Topics” A) Drainage Patterns 1. dendritic 2. radial

V. “Other Topics” A) Drainage Patterns 1. dendritic 3. rectangular 2. radial

V. “Other Topics” A) Drainage Patterns 1. dendritic 2. radial 4. trellis 3. rectangular

V. “Other Topics” A) Drainage Patterns 5. Deranged Drainage

V. “Other Topics” A) Drainage Patterns 5. Deranged Drainage

V. “Other Topics” B) Stream Piracy

Stream Piracy

Stream Piracy

V. “Other Topics” B) Stream Piracy C) Channelization

Channelization

Channelization

Channelization

Channelization

Channelization Rise = vertical drop Run horizontal distance

Channelization

Channelization

Channelization

Channelization

Channelization

V. “Other Topics” B) Stream Piracy C) Channelization D) Flood hydrograph

Hydrograph A. General

Hydrograph A. General B. Storm Hydrograph