RITS Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking Latest trends

RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking Latest trends - August 2017 (Wave 15) 26 September 2017 260142516

Contents 1 Background and method 3 2 Speeding 6 3 Drink and drug driving 14 4 Mobile phone usage 21 5 Seatbelts 27 6 Distraction/Health/Age 33 7 Vulnerable road users 40 8 Advertising and marketing awareness 47 9 Appendix 50 RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 2

1 Background and method

Background and objectives Scottish Government and Road Safety Scotland tend to run 2 -3 media campaigns per year, supported by other activity on a more localised level, as part of a wider strategy to reduce road casualties These campaigns are generally evaluated on an ad hoc basis among their specific target audiences at the point in time when they are running However it was recognised that there was no on-going tracking to assess the longer term effect of campaigns or local activity on driver behaviours and attitudes more generally – are there any changes occurring in these over time and are these for the better? Against this background, a survey mechanism was set up in September 2010 to monitor driver behaviour and attitudes in Scotland in relation to some key issues of road safety on a continuous basis, with surveys conducted twice a year: Latest results from wave 15 RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 4

Research method Around 1, 000 in-home* interviews are conducted each wave among a representative sample of the population of Scotland aged 16+ using TNS omnibus Respondents screened to interview only active drivers (i. e. adults who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays) – 525 drivers at latest wave (wave 15) Latest wave fieldwork: 4 – 28 August 2017; Previous fieldwork – months shown below (exact dates in slide 51) although findings are mainly reported from 2012/2013, so based on 12 waves of fieldwork Wave Fieldwork month 1 September 2010 8 February 2014 2 February 2011 9 July 2014 3 September 2011 10 February 2015 4 February 2012 11 August 2015 5 August 2012 12 February 2016 6 February 2013 13 August 2016 7 July 2013 14 March 2017 The majority of the questionnaire has generally been consistent throughout the tracking period • Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing Kantar TNS is certified to ISO 20252 (the International Standard for Market, Opinion and Social Research) and ISO 9001 (the International Process Standard for Service Companies). All project work is carried out in compliance with these standards and in line with the UK Data Protection Act 1998. Kantar TNS adheres to the MRS/ESOMAR codes of conduct RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 5

2 Speeding Claimed behaviours Awareness of penalties Attitudes Perceptions of seriousness

Downward trend reported on speeding behaviours in last 18 months has not continued at latest wave % Speeding behaviours 60 50 Driven at 35 mph in a 30 mph speed limit area 50 43 38 40 31 33 30 27 24 19 20 14 11 10 9 8 7 4 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 July '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 Driven at 25 mph in a 20 mph speed limit area Sped up through amber Driven at 40 mph in a 30 mph speed limit area Driven at 90 mph on the motorway Overtaken when you think you will just make it Not adjusted your speed to the conditions when driving on country roads Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 6: Which of the following have you done at all in the last 12 months, even if only on one occasion or for a short distance? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 7

Positive trends are developing on adherence to speed limit, with exception of the 20 mph limit, which is unchanged since March 2017 % How frequently do you…. Keep to 20 mph speed limits Keep to 30 mph speed limits Keep to 40 mph speed limits Keep to 50 mph speed limits Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 40 44 45 38 41 43 45 45 44 40 39 52 50 50 46 46 51 48 50 52 Always 11 10 10 43 44 39 39 Nearly always Occassionaly 4 6 6 7 3 6 4 6 2 8 2 7 2 6 1 7 2 8 3 7 2 Rarely/Never Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave Jul ‘ 16 (582); Mar ‘ 17 (600); Aug ‘ 17 (525) Q 8 a: How frequently do you…. ? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 8

Reference to a verbal warning continues to fluctuate, but in longer term it appears to be increasing, whereas awareness of points as a penalty is declining 70 % Awareness of penalties for driving at 35 mph in a 30 mph area 63 A fine 60 53 56 50 46 40 45 36 A verbal warning 30 20 10 0 Points on driving licence Any disqualified (net) 5 5 4 4 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Don't know Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 8: What do you think are the penalties if a person is caught by the police for …? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 9

Reference to a verbal warning as a penalty for driving at 90 mph on a motorway is slowing increasing whereas opposite trend is observed for disqualification 80 70 % Awareness of penalties for driving at 90 mph on a motorway 73 70 Points on driving licence 64 A fine 70 60 50 Any disqualified (net) 40 Conviction 30 20 26 10 0 8 8 5 Feb '12 A verbal warning 18 15 14 6 11 A criminal record 5 Aug '12 Feb '13 Jul '13 Feb '14 Jul '14 Feb '15 Jul '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Don't know Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 8: What do you think are the penalties if a person is caught by the police for …? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 10

There are no clear trends regarding the perceived the need to reduce speeds in built up areas, with a large majority strongly in favour of this % agreeing/disagreeing: In built up areas, where there are pedestrians and cyclists, it may be necessary to drive below the speed limit % Mean: Jul '16 76 18 Mar '17 74 18 78 Aug '17 Agree strongly (+2) Agree slightly (+1) Neither nor (0) 3 2 2 5 18 Disagree slightly (-1) 1. 66 2 1. 64 2 11 1. 71 Disagree strongly (-2) Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave Q 4: How much do you agree or disagree that…… RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 11

There is also a widespread consensus on the need to adjust your speed on country roads whereas attitudes towards other aspects of driving on country roads are mixed, but remain relatively stable % saying Agree strongly/agree slightly 100 95 90 You should continually adjust your speed when driving on country roads* 80 60 40 57 55 55 50 More fatal accidents in Scotland happen on country roads than on any other type of road There should be a maximum speed limit of 50 mph on all country roads because of the greater risks when driving on these 20 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 * Minor change in text from ‘you need to continually assess your speed…’ Jul ‘ 16 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 4: How much do you agree or disagree that …? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 12

The perceived seriousness of risks associated with speeding behaviours is generally increasing 80 % rating speeding behaviours as ‘very serious’- TRENDS 74 64 69 66 Not adjusting speed to country roads Driving at +10 mph in cities or towns 60 47 40 27 38 20 17 Drinking / driving over the limit 93 Driving under influence of drugs 91 Using hand held mobile Not looking out for motorcyclists / people on pedal bikes at junctions Speeding up through amber Not wearing seatbelt 35 27 % rating ‘very serious’ across all behaviours in August 17 84 78 72 Not adjusting speed to country roads Driving at +10 mph motorways 69 Driving + 10 mph in cities/ towns 66 Driving when tired Driving at +5 mph in cities/towns 0 Being distracted by something /someone Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave (525 at Wave 15) Q 5: How serious do you think each of these are in terms of the risks to the safety of drivers, their passengers and for other road users? 59 Speeding up through amber Driving +10 mph motorways July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 63 Driving + 5 mph in cities/towns RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 47 35 27 13

3 Drink and drug driving

Numbers claiming to have driven after drinking/taking drugs have always been low, with percentages remaining broadly consistent wave on wave % Drink and drug driving behaviours 40 30 20 Driven when unsure if over the legal alcohol limit or not 10 0 2 1 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 4 1 1 Driven when over the legal alcohol limit Driven after taking illegal drugs Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 6: Which of the following have you done at all in the last 12 months, even if only on one occasion or for a short distance? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 15

Reference to most penalties for drink driving remains fairly constant, although a criminal record is becoming increasingly prominent % aware of penalties for driving over the alcohol limit 75 80 70 Disqualified / lose licence for at least a year* 60 Points on driving licence 50 71 53 51 47 45 A fine 40 25 29 30 20 18 13 20 13 10 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 A criminal record A prison sentence Have car taken away for good Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 8: What do you think are the penalties if a person is caught by the police for …? * Added in July‘ 16 RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 16

There are no particular trends emerging in relation to the penalties for drug driving % aware of penalties for drug driving 70 Disqualified from driving/lose licence for at least a year* 62 60 63 Points on driving licence 50 40 30 41 42 42 39 25 18 20 10 A fine 11 28 A criminal record 19 A prison sentence 12 Have car taken away for good 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 * Added in July‘ 16 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 8: What do you think are the penalties if a person is caught by the police for …? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 17

Views towards drink driving have remained relatively stable in the last year or so 100 % saying Agree strongly/agree slightly Drivers should not drink any alcohol in the hours before driving 94 90 85 Even one alcoholic drink could put you over the drink drive limit 80 75 77 76 67 60 I would report someone who I suspected was going to drink and drive, or who was drink driving 65 Drop reflects change in statement wording 55 40 Scotland is tough in tackling drink driving* (changed July 16 from 'is getting tougher) 25 20 17 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 As long as you don't have more than one alcoholic drink, it's generally ok to drive (negative statement; decline = improvement) Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 4: How much do you agree or disagree that …? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 18

Support for Scotland to take a tougher stance on drug driving continues at a high level % saying agree strongly/agree slightly – drug driving 100 89 80 *text change July 13 60 Scotland should get tougher in tackling driving when under the influence of drugs*(change July 16 from is getting tougher. . ') 39 40 20 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 4: How much do you agree or disagree that …? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 19

Drink driving and driving under the influence of drugs are considered to be the most serious risk behaviours, although there are signs that attitudes to the former are beginning to soften % rating drink/drug behaviours as ‘very serious’ 100 % rating ‘very serious’ across all behaviours in August 17 96 93 90 89 80 91 Drinking / driving over the limit 93 Driving under influence of drugs 91 Using hand held mobile Not looking out for motorcyclists / people on pedal bikes at junctions Not wearing seatbelt Drinking and driving when over the limit Driving when under the influence of drugs 70 84 78 72 Not adjusting speed to country roads 69 Driving at + 10 mph in cities or towns 60 66 Driving when tired 50 63 Being distracted by something /someone 59 Speeding up through amber 40 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 47 Driving at +10 mph motorways Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave (525 at Wave 15) Q 5: How serious do you think each of these are in terms of the risks to the safety of drivers, their passengers and for other road users? Driving at + 5 mph in cities/towns RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 35 27 20

4 Mobile phone usage

Usage of mobile phones has increased at latest wave, following noticeable dip in March 2017 when the new 6 point penalty legislation was introduced % Mobile phone behaviours 40 28 30 Any mobile phone related 24 20 22 20 Used a hands-free mobile phone while driving* 9 10 5 Used a handheld mobile phone while driving** 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 Jul '13 Feb '14 Jul '14 Feb '15 Jul '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 6: Which of the following have you done at all in the last 12 months, even if only on one occasion or for a short distance? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking * Wording changes in July ’ 16 from ‘used a hands-free kit’ ** Wording change in July ‘ 16 from ‘to call, text or email while driving’ JN 142516 22

Little movement in awareness of penalties for using mobile phones at latest wave compared to the marked shifts recorded in March 2017 following the change in legislation % Awareness of penalties for using a hand-held mobile phone when driving 80 70 78 65 73 Points on driving licence 70 A fine 60 50 Disqualified 40 30 16 20 14 7 A verbal warning 14 10 4 4 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Don't know Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 8: What do you think are the penalties if a person is caught by the police for …? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 23

Strong rejection of the acceptability of using of a hand-held mobile continues to grow Agreement with statement about mobile phone usage Mean % It’s okay to use a handheld mobile phone when you are driving Feb '12 23 2 Aug '12 222 Feb '13 3 23 12 July '13 4 3 3 7 82 Feb '14 3 3 3 8 82 July '14 23 3 5 Feb '15 12 8 13 4 Feb '16 4 -1. 69 86 -1. 73 81 6 -1. 65 -1. 61 -1. 63 -1. 70 86 22 July '15 81 12 -1. 58 79 9 83 -1. 70 22 7 86 -1. 69 Jul '16 3 3 2 6 85 -1. 68 Mar '17 3 22 7 87 Aug '17 3 12 4 -1. 77 Agree strongly (+2) 90 Agree slightly (+1) Neither nor (0) Disagree slightly (-1) Disagree strongly (-2) Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave Q 4: How much do you agree or disagree that…… RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 24

However, the perceived seriousness of the risks of using a hand-held mobile has weakened slightly at the latest wave 100 % rating as ‘very serious’ across all behaviours in August 17 % rating using hand held mobile as ‘very serious’ 90 84 Drinking / driving over the limit 93 Driving under influence of drugs 91 Using hand held-mobile Not looking out for motorcyclists / people on pedal bikes at junctions Not wearing seatbelt 80 75 70 78 72 Not adjusting speed to country roads Using hand held mobile 60 84 69 Driving at + 10 mph in cities or towns 66 Driving when tired 63 Being distracted by something /someone 50 59 Speeding up through amber 47 Driving at +10 mph motorways 40 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 Driving at + 5 mph in cities/towns 35 27 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave (525 at Wave 15) Q 5: How serious do you think each of these are in terms of the risks to the safety of drivers, their passengers and for other road users? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 25

Perceptions of the likelihood of being stopped by the police have fluctuated over the years, with no clear trends emerging in 2017 % saying Agree strongly/agree slightly 80 70 There is more chance of getting stopped by the police for traffic offences when driving compared to a year ago 60 50 39 32 40 30 35 28 The penalties for getting caught for driving offences like speeding and using a mobile phone aren’t enough to stop me doing it 29 26 20 10 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 4: How much do you agree or disagree that …? Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 The last is a negative statement – so looking for decline rather than increase RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 26

5 Seatbelts

Although claimed non-usage of seatbelts has increased marginally at the latest wave, the overall trend is downward % claiming seatbelt behaviours 40 30 20 25 Any seatbelt related 22 12 Not used a seatbelt in the back of a car* 10 9 7 4 Not used a seatbelt in the front of a car 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 * ‘When available’ removed in ‘in Jul ’ 16 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 6: Which of the following have you done at all in the last 12 months, even if only on one occasion or for a short distance? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 28

Points as the penalty for not wearing a seatbelt when driving shows signs of increasing, whereas there is a gradual decline for a fine 80 % Awareness of penalties for driving without a seatbelt 74 70 A fine 70 60 50 40 49 42 27 Points on driving licence 30 30 20 A verbal warning 7 10 4 Any disqualified (net) 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 8: What do you think are the penalties if a person is caught by the police for …? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 29

There has been little change since Feb ‘ 16 in awareness of the penalties for driving without a seatbelt when travelling as a passenger % Awareness of penalties for travelling as passenger without a seatbelt 80 70 70 61 A fine 60 50 40 31 30 20 20 39 A verbal warning 19 Points on driving licence 10 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 8: What do you think are the penalties if a person is caught by the police for …? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 30

The slight fall in those agreeing that not using a seatbelt is acceptable/unimportant reflects slight rise in those taking this risk at latest wave 60 % saying Agree strongly/agree slightly It’s not important to wear a seatbelt if you are travelling in the back of a car (wording 'or taxi' removed July 16) 50 40 30 20 15 12 10 7 9 If you are just nipping around the corner in the car, it's not essential to wear a seatbelt 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 Negative statements: decrease = improvement Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 4: How much do you agree or disagree that …? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 31

The perceived risks associated with not wearing a seatbelt continue to fall, but it remains more widely associated with serious risk than many other behaviours % rating as ‘very serious’ across all behaviours in August 17 % rating non-usage of seatbelt in car as ‘very serious’ 100 90 80 Drinking / driving over the limit 93 Driving under influence of drugs 91 Using hand held mobile 84 Not looking out for motorcyclists / people on pedal bikes at junctions 79 78 Not wearing seatbelt 72 70 72 Driving at + 10 mph in cities or towns 69 Not adjusting speed to country roads 60 Not used seatbelt in car (In July '16 text from in 'front of car' removed) 66 Driving when tired 63 Being distracted by something /someone 59 50 Speeding up through amber 47 Driving at +10 mph motorways 40 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 35 Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave (525 at Wave 15) Q 5: How serious do you think each of these are in terms of the risks to the safety of drivers, their passengers and for other road users? Driving at + 5 mph in cities/towns RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 27 32

6 Distraction/Health/Age

Since July ‘ 15 (when wording changed) there has been a slight drop in those claiming to drive when tired/sleepy % claiming to drive when feeling tired or sleepy 40 30 22 24 Carried on driving when you are aware of feeling tired or sleepy*. . . 20 10 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 *Wording changed to “…. . feeling tired or sleepy “ from “too tired” in July ‘ 15 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 6: Which of the following have you done at all in the last 12 months, even if only on one occasion or for a short distance? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 34

Driver distraction and fatigue are considered fairly low level risks compared to many other behaviours, although there are signs that the latter is becoming more of a concern % rating as ‘very serious’ across all behaviours in March 17 % rating being distracted by something/being tired as very serious Distracted by something (eg Satnav) or someone 80 Driving when feeling tired/sleepy *Wording changed to “…. . feeling tired or sleepy “ from “too tired” in July ‘ 15 70 Driving when under the influence of drugs 91 84 Using hand held mobile 78 Not wearing seatbelt 72 Driving without continually 63 adjusting speed to the conditions when driving on country roads 69 Driving at 10 mph above the speed limit in cities or towns 66 Driving when tired 63 55 54 93 Drivers not looking out for motorcyclists or people on pedal bikes at junctions 60 50 Drinking and driving when over the limit 59 59 Being distracted by something (e. g. satnav) or someone (e. g. child) in the car when driving 47 Speeding up through amber Driving at 10 mph above speed limit on motorways Driving at 5 mph over speed limit in cities/towns 40 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 35 27 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave (525 at Wave 15) Q 5: How serious do you think each of these are in terms of the risks to the safety of drivers, their passengers and for other road users? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 35

No significant shifts at the most recent wave: over longer term reference to a fine is decreasing and eating and drinking is increasingly viewed as not being an offence % Awareness of penalties for eating or drinking when driving* 60 50 51 A verbal warning 50 37 40 A fine 30 30 19 17 20 10 15 8 Points on driving licence No penalty / not an offence 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 July '13 Feb '14 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 8: What do you think are the penalties if a person is caught by the police for …? July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 *Changed from ‘drinking from a bottle, can or cup of soft drink when driving’ in Jul ‘ 16 RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 36

The proportion of drivers claiming to drive occasionally or more frequently if unwell or when their driving is adversely affected by medication is not insignificant. However the proportion never doing this has increased at the latest wave How frequently do you…ALL DRIVERS. 20% % July '16 Feel your driving is negatively affected after taking medication 4 4 8 14 70 18% Mar '17 5 4 9 14 68 15% Aug '17 5 5 5 11 75 27% Drive when you feel unwell July '16 3 4 20 36 37 23% Mar '17 3 2 18 38 39 23% Aug '17 3 3 Always 17 32 Nearly always 45 Occasionally Rarely Never Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays; Aug‘ 17 (525) Q 8 a: How frequently do you…. ? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 37

Somewhat surprisingly, claimed incidence of driving if unwell/under influence of medication is lower or at similar level among the over 65+ age group. The fluctuations likely reflect the lower sample size rather than meaningful trends How frequently do you…AGED 65+. . % July '16 Feel your driving is negatively affected after taking medication 13% 5 4 4 9 78 11% Mar '17 4 4 3 15 74 22% Aug '17 4 12 6 11 68 16% Drive when you feel unwell July '16 22 12 36 49 10% Mar '17 0 2 8 32 59 16% Aug '17 2 6 Always 8 23 61 Nearly always Occasionally Rarely Never Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays; Aug‘ 17 (525) Q 8 a: How frequently do you…. ? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 38

The negative impact of age, health or mobility issues on driving is also felt by a small, but nevertheless significant minority, but again age is not a key influence To what extent are you ever negatively affected by age, health or mobility related issues when driving? % 22% July '16 - All drivers 3 Mar '17 - All drivers 3 7 12 78 8 10 80 21% 19% Aug '17 - All drivers 3 6 9 83 27% July ' 16 - 65+ 1 10 16 73 22% Mar '17 - 65+ 2 6 14 78 17% Aug '17 - 65+ 15 Often 11 83 Occasionally Rarely Never Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave Q 9 a: To what extent are you ever negatively affected by age, health or mobility related issues when driving? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 39

7 Vulnerable road users Behaviours Awareness of penalties Attitudes Perceptions of seriousness

No changes over time: drivers are more likely to consistently check for pedestrians at junctions than bikes; leaving a car’s width on passing bikes is least likely good practice to be followed % How frequently do you…. Make sure you check for pedestrians at junctions Make sure you check for people on pedal bikes before turning a corner Jul '16 77 Mar '17 77 3 19 79 Aug '17 2 11 17 3 69 25 Mar '17 71 22 5 11 Aug '17 71 22 6 11 6 2 Jul '16 66 Jul '16 23 67 25 54 Jul '16 35 58 Mar '17 56 Aug '17 Always Nearly always 4 26 69 Mar '17 Aug '17 Give a gap of a car's width when passing people on bikes 19 Occassionaly 8 3 1 31 8 21 35 7 21 Rarely Never Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays; Aug ’ 17 (525) Q 8 a: How frequently do you…. ? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 1 41

The perceived seriousness of the risks associated with not looking out for VRUs at junctions remains at a broadly similar, and high, level – despite wave on wave fluctuations % rating as ‘very serious’ across all 100 behaviours in March 17 % rating not looking out for VRUs at junctions as ‘very serious’ 90 80 Drinking / driving over the limit 93 Driving under influence of drugs 91 Using hand held mobile Not looking 78 out for motorcyclists / people on pedal bikes at junctions Not wearing seatbelt 78 70 84 78 72 Driving at + 10 mph in cities or towns 69 Not adjusting speed to country roads 60 66 Driving when tired 63 Being distracted by something /someone 50 59 Speeding up through amber 47 Driving at +10 mph motorways 40 July '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 Driving at + 5 mph in cities/towns 35 27 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave (xxx at Wave 15) Q 5: How serious do you think each of these are in terms of the risks to the safety of drivers, their passengers and for other road users? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 42

Agreement with these statements also confirms that drivers are more likely to be aware of need to check for pedestrians rather than people on bikes % saying agree/ disagree At junctions I always check for pedestrians, as well as other road users Mean: 1. 83 Agree strongly (+2) 1. 83 87 86 At junctions I always check for people on pedal bikes, as well as other traffic 1. 74 1. 71 80 80 81 16 14 4 11 14 3 11 Mar '17 Aug '17 % Agree slightly (+1) Neither nor (0) 85 Disagree slightly (-1) Disagree strongly (-2) 12 2 9 3 12 2 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 22 Jul '16 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave Q 4 b: How much do you agree or disagree that…… RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 43

Drivers are less convinced that people on bikes need to be given a full car’s width when passing, with early signs that this ‘negative’ attitude may be increasing % saying agree/ disagree Drivers should give people on pedal bikes a full car’s width when passing Mean: 1. 53 Agree strongly (+2) 1. 52 1. 47 69 68 Too often pedestrians cross where they like rather than using crossing points e. g. zebra or pelican crossings 1. 40 1. 43 1. 50 % Agree slightly (+1) 69 63 59 59 28 30 10 7 Neither nor (0) Disagree slightly (-1) Disagree strongly (-2) 22 20 3 6 4 1 Jul '16 2 3 Mar '17 19 27 6 6 5 2 Aug '17 2 1 Jul '16 1 1 2 2 Mar '17 Aug '17 RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave Q 4 b: How much do you agree or disagree that…… 44

There are no significant changes at latest wave but there are indications that the perceived need for drivers to show respect to people on pedal bikes may be declining, although most still agree and many do so strongly Drivers need to show more consideration to people on pedal bikes % saying agree/ disagree Mean: Agree strongly (+2) Agree slightly (+1) People on pedal bikes need to show more consideration to drivers You often see people on pedal bikes failing to obey the rules of the road 1. 39 1. 40 1. 30 1. 25 1. 31 1. 40 1. 38 60 59 57 55 55 55 60 59 63 26 28 27 27 25 28 27 28 23 9 9 10 10 5 3 Jul '16 12 11 4 2 Aug '17 7 8 7 % Neither nor (0) Disagree slightly (-1) Disagree strongly (-2) 2 2 Jul '16 2 2 Mar '17 4 3 Aug '17 4 3 Mar '17 4 2 Jul '16 4 2 Mar '17 5 3 Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave Q 4 b: How much do you agree or disagree that…… RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 45

There is less consensus regarding equality of rights for people on bikes with drivers, with no obvious trends on this measure over time % saying agree/ disagree Mean July '14 People on pedal bikes have the same rights as car drivers on the roads* 52 Feb '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 22 47 24 50 10 25 46 51 23 53 21 Aug '17 54 19 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays at each wave Q 4 b: How much do you agree or disagree that…… Agree slightly (+1) 8 19 Mar '17 Neither nor (0) 9 0. 98 11 8 0. 93 6 1. 03 12 7 0. 92 11 7 0. 97 6 1. 15 9 7 1. 06 11 7 1. 00 9 8 58 10 9 27 July '16 Agree strongly (+2) 6 8 8 11 10 Disagree slightly (-1) Disagree strongly (-2) *Wording change in July 2016. ‘Cyclists’ replaced with ‘People on pedal bikes’ RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 46

8 Advertising and marketing awareness

Most significant shift is the drop in mentions for mobile phones, which increased significantly following the change in penalties earlier this year. Other mentions have also dropped back with only cycling more prominent than recorded previously % seen driving / road safety advertising seen recently – main campaigns (spontaneous) 40 Drink driving Mobile phones when driving 30 30 20 20 17 17 10 17 14 28 Cycling 23 22 18 18 Driving on country roads 15 Tiredness/not driving when sleepy Speeding 0 Feb '12 Aug '12 Feb '13 Jul '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Mar '17 Aug '17 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 10: Have you seen or heard any advertising or marketing on topics relating to driving or road safety recently? On what topics? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 48

A similar pattern is evident with respect to claimed awareness of these ‘smaller’ campaigns with nearly all topics recalled to a lesser extent at latest wave % seen driving / road safety advertising seen recently – other campaigns (spontaneous) Drug driving 30 Motorbikes Seatbelts 20 18 16 16 9 Driving in towns and cities 8 6 4 2 0 Feb '12 A 9 13 11 12 10 Driving with children in the car* Aug '12 Feb '13 Jul '13 Feb '14 July '14 Feb '15 July '15 Feb '16 Jul '16 Older drivers 3 1 2 Mar '17 Aug '17 *Amended wording **New in July ‘ 15 Base: All who hold a full driving licence for a car and drive nowadays Q 10: Have you seen or heard any advertising or marketing on topics relating to driving or road safety recently? On what topics? RITS: Driver Attitudes and Behaviour Tracking JN 142516 49