Risk Management Strategies Role of Urban Information Management

Risk Management Strategies: Role of Urban Information Management and Services Dr. Robert S. Chen Deputy Director and Senior Research Scientist Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) Manager, Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) Columbia University With inputs from: Mark Reichardt Open GIS Consortium World Data Center for Human Interactions in the Environment Columbia University in the City of New York

Data and Information Post 9/11 z NYC EMC destroyed in WTC y Included GIS capabilities z Alternative command center brought in GIS systems, experts, volunteers within first 2 -3 days z Different systems, data used by different agencies z Everyone adopted NYC base map, developed from 1 -foot orthoimagery z GIS, GPS, remote sensing, Internet mapping used widely for monitoring, analysis, coordination, planning, control, communication, investigation z Some data had to be driven down from Albany! World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 2 Columbia University in the City of New York

Emergency Response Data and Information Needs z Many possible disaster scenarios y need robust and flexible access to diverse data and information y need underlying framework or structure for assimilating new data z Difficult to know what is going on in many different places y need real-time access to data from different sources y need accessible analysis and modeling services y need data and information generated from monitoring and analysis to be shared and exchanged between dozens of different groups involved in response (both public and private) z Information system itself may be vulnerable y need redundancy, survivability, and ability to redeploy assets z Demand for information by policy makers and the public is immediate y need to have communication channels and templates in place in advance World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 3 Columbia University in the City of New York

Example NYC Maps Used and Disseminated by the EMC (1) World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 4 Columbia University in the City of New York

Example NYC Maps Used and Disseminated by the EMC (2) World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 5 Columbia University in the City of New York

Some Key Barriers to Meeting Needs z Data hard to find, access, and integrate y Data not cataloged or cataloged inconsistently y Catalogs scattered, don’t support automated data access y Data are offline, proprietary, and/or restricted y Technical issues, e. g. , projection, resolution, format, quality z Data and information systems don’t talk to each other y Lack of standards; proliferation of proprietary or idiosyncratic formats, styles of presentations, tools, etc. y Lack of interoperability between instruments, data loggers, database systems, catalogs, analysis packages, prediction models, mapping/visualization tools, etc. z Hard to communicate complex spatial, technical data World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 6 Columbia University in the City of New York

City of New York Viewpoint • Alan Leidner, City-wide GIS Coordinator Department of Information, Technology and Telecommunications During the response to the recent attacks on the World Trade Center, the rapid integration of spatial data from numerous local, state, federal, NGO and private sector sources was a major priority. Through OGC, we have been able to partner broadly with members of industry, government and academia to address some of the critical interoperability issues that challenged us during that time. I am confident that this relationship will no doubt help the market deliver interoperable capabilities that further improve our ability to deal with future emergencies as well as the critical services we provide to our citizens on a daily basis. World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 7 Columbia University in the City of New York

What is the Open GIS Consortium? z Not-for-profit, international consortium whose 230+ industry, government, and university members work to make geographic information an integral part of information systems of all kinds y Operates a Specification Development Program similar to other Industry consortia (W 3 C, OMG, etc. ). y Operates an Interoperability Program (IP), a global, innovative, partnershipdriven, hands-on engineering and testing program designed to deliver proven specifications into the SDP. z New MOU with the Columbia Earth Institute! OGC Vision A world in which everyone benefits from geographic information and services made available across any network, application, or platform. OGC Mission Our core mission is to deliver spatial interface specifications that are openly available for global use. World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 8 Columbia University in the City of New York

Open Web Services Initiative 1 (OWS-1) Demonstration Simulated users, including Geospatial Specialists, Remote Sensing Experts, Domain Professionals, Incident Support Teams, Decision Makers: Publish, Find and Access multiple information sources Sources Federal University NGO State Local World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 9 Columbia University in the City of New York

OWS-1 Timeline and the Players • • • Kickoff: September 2001 Demonstration: March 2002, Chantilly VA OWS-1 Sponsors: ‒ US Environmental Protection Agency, Geo. Connections Canada, NASA, NIMA, Lockheed Martin, USGS, FGDC, ERDC, CANRI • OWS-1 Participants: – Compusult, Cube. Werx, Dawn Corp, DLR, ESRI, Galdos Systems, GMU, Intergraph, Ionic Software, Laser-Scan, PCI Geomatics, Polexis, SAIC, Social Change Online, Syncline, YSI, University of Alabama Huntsville, Vision for NY • OWS-1 Coordinating Organizations – NYC DOITT, NYC DEP, FEMA, EPA Region 2, CIESIN, Urban Logic World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 10 Columbia University in the City of New York

OWS-1 Clients and Services Client Tier Find Registry Service (metadata) Web Client Generator internet Bind Imagery Viewer Client Sensor Client Web Map Service Publish/ Harvest Publish/Harvest Discovery Client Map Viewer Client Data Tier Services Portrayal Services optional Web Feature Service Bind internet Register Services Client Middle Tier Services Sensor Collection Service Bind Sensors Web Coverage Service World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 11 Columbia University in the City of New York

OWS-1 Demonstration: Areas of Interest AOI 3 – NY State, New Jersey, Long Island AOI 2 – Greater New York City Region AOI 1 – Lower Manhattan AOI 0 - 10 acre area centered around WTC World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 12 Columbia University in the City of New York

OWS-1 Demonstration: User Scenarios Vignette 1 – Get Quick Maps Rapidly develop an overall view of the disaster area to support response Vignette 2 – Service Registration and Discovery Search for more relevant data and services Vignette 3 – Sensor Web Access Combine data from multiple networks of in-situ sensors Vignette 4 – Imagery Access and Visualization Flexibly portray imagery and integrate imagery and mapping information Vignette 5 – Supporting Decision Flow Make maps available on a portal accessed from “Situation Room” World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 13 Columbia University in the City of New York

Vignette 1: Get Quick Maps z Combine multiple sources combining images and weather patterns Landsat WMS JPL EPA Enviromapper Syncline Wrapper WMS Client Syncline WMS NASA WMS Cube. Werx Weather Transportation World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 14 Columbia University in the City of New York

Vignette 3: Sensor Web Access z Access real-time sensors NOAA METAR Data SCS SAIC Map Viewer SAIC + ESRI NY State Air Quality Data SCS Polexis SCS SAIC YSI Water Quality And Meteorology Sensor NYC Ortho. Imagery And Structures WMS Cube. Werx World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 15 Columbia University in the City of New York

Vignette 4: Image Access & Visualization z Access remote sensing data for both visualization and analysis Web Browser Files Web Browser Intergraph WCS Retrieval Service Existing GIS S/W PCI WCS Retrieval Service WCS Huntsville, AL Intergraph WCS DLR WCS GMU LIDAR X-SAR Germany AVIRIS Greenbelt, MD MODIS WCS Polexis San Diego, CA WCS/ WMS PCI SPOT Ottawa, ONT, CA World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 16 Columbia University in the City of New York

Hazard Vulnerability Assessment: OGC NYC Demo z Intergraph client showing NYC imagery with overlaid features z Fire districts (red lines) drawn from WFS-compliant SEDAC server z SEDAC working with Ionic Software to host WMS-, WFS-, and WCS-compliant servers World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 17 Columbia University in the City of New York

GIS-Based Decision Support Tool World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 18 Columbia University in the City of New York

UAH Space-Time Toolkit “Thick” client that supports animation, 3 -D visualization of phenomena Courtesy of M. Botts, University of Alabama Huntsville World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 19 Columbia University in the City of New York

UAH Plume Model Courtesy of M. Botts, University of Alabama Huntsville World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 20 Columbia University in the City of New York

Example of Landsat TM and Ikonos Data: Phoenix AZ 22 June 1997 14 August 2000 Prepared by Chris Small of LDEO World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 21 Columbia University in the City of New York

Data/Information Issues z Shearson-Lehman, others demonstrate critical importance of “hot” backups for financial transaction data—across Hudson River! Far enough for the next extreme event? z Systems may be backed up—but what about expertise, chain of command? z Need for seamless data access by multiple levels of government and responders vs. need for data security z Need for rapid, flexible development of standards, specifications, and tools, working closely with industry, academia, nongovernmental groups, and government. z “Semantic Divides” to information sharing World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 22 Columbia University in the City of New York

Semantic Divides to Information Sharing • Community A <Road> Community B <Highway> Critical Infrastructure Protection Event • Community C <Motorway> Community F Community D Within the CIPI-1 Common Vision, there are basic methods to transform legacy (local) data models into core data models (and vice versa) minimizing semantic divides between organizations & communities. This is a challenge that will require extended effort and coordination with ongoing activities such as Geospatial One-Stop, and OGC Domain Modeling Support Initiatives. Community E World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 23 Columbia University in the City of New York

Broader Issues z Individual jurisdictions cannot deal with issues alone; must have regional collaboration (not just urban) z Lack of consistent loss estimates and loss estimation methods z Inconsistent hazard estimates and incomplete understanding of uncertainties z Disparate decision support tools and frameworks z Risk communication in a networked world! World Data Center for Human Interactions in the 24 Columbia University in the City of New York