Rise of Islam Rise of Islam Muslims trace

Rise of Islam

Rise of Islam �Muslims trace their lineage back through the Hebrew Scriptures to Ishmael, the son of Abraham and Hagar, Abraham's second wife. �Born in Mecca, in western Arabia, Muhammad (ca. 570– 632) �Received his first revelation in 610. �Muslims believe that the word of God was revealed to him by the archangel Gabriel in Arabic.

Rise of Islam �Gabriel told him that God (Allah) had chosen him as the last of the prophets to mankind. �These revelations were subsequently collected and codified as the Koran (literally "recitation" in Arabic), the Muslim holy book. �Koran describes the relationship between an almighty and God and his creations. �Provides guidelines for proper behavior.

Rise of Islam �Muhammad’ teachings in conflict with deities then being worshipped by the Arabs. �In 622 forced to emigrate north to the oasis town of Medina. �In Medina, Muhammad continued to attract followers �War between Mecca and Medina followed, in which Muhammad and his followers were eventually victorious.

Rise of Islam �Upon his return to Mecca, one of the Prophet's first acts was to cleanse the Kaba of its idols and rededicate the shrine to Allah. �Muhammad died in 632. �His followers, led by a series of four caliphs ("successors"), continued to spread the message of Islam.

Rise of Islam �Under their command, the Arab armies carried the new faith and leadership from the Arabian Peninsula to the shores of the Mediterranean and to the eastern reaches of Iran. �The Arabs conquered Syria, Palestine, Egypt, the Byzantine empire, Iraq and Iran. �In these lands, Islam fostered the development of a religious, political, and cultural commonwealth and the creation of a global empire.

Rise of Islam �The Arab conquest of Spain and the push of Arab armies as far as the Indus River culminated in an empire that stretched over three continents, a mere hundred years after the Prophet's death. �After Muhammad’s death there came a major division between two groups. �The principal issue upon which Islam's first major sectarian split occurred centers on the question of leadership.

Rise of Islam �Sunni --the largest denomination of Islam. �According to Sunni thought, Muhammad died without appointing a successor to lead the Muslim community. �A group of his most prominent companions gathered and elected Abu Bakr, the Prophet's close friend and father-in-law, as the first Caliph. �Sunnis initially believed that the position of Caliph should be democratically chosen, but after the first four Rightly Guided Calliphs the position turned into a hereditary dynastic rule.

Rise of Islam �Shia – the 2 nd Largest Islamic denomination. �They follow Ali ibn Abi Talib (ca. 599 – January 661 CE). �Shia Muslims see him as the first imam and first rightful caliph. �He was Muhammad's cousin, and, after marrying Fatima, his son-in-law as well. �The Koran forbids conversion by coercion, so Muslim rulers were tolerant of other religions based on revelation, such as Judaism and Christianity.

Koran �The Koran regulates every phase of the Islamic law, religious practice, culture and morals. �As its title "the Recitation" suggests, The Koran was made to be heard and recited. �Since it is literally the word of God, Muslims do not accept the Koran in translation from Arabic. �The Koran is primarily dialogic: God speaks to Muhammad or gives him messages to recite.

Koran �There is no narrative thread or history of a single group of people, as in the Jewish and Christian bibles. �The revelations were received in verses, which have been grouped according to subject into larger divisions (Suras). �The earliest and shortest Suras evoke the wonder and glory of God; �The later and longer ones often include legal prescriptions and sage counsel.

The Five Pillars of Islam � 1. Declaration of faith: �“I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah (God) and I bear witness that Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the Messenger of Allah. ”

The Five Pillars of Islam � 2. Prayer �Offered five times a day (at the break of dawn, at noon, mid-afternoon, at sunset and at dusk after dark. ) �All able bodied Muslims are to pray five times every day. �A person who can't physically perform the act of prayer because of sickness is exempted without any feeling of guilt. �A traveler can offer half of the prescribed prayer.

The Five Pillars of Islam � Before the prayer, the person has to wash their hands, face, forearms and feet, and a person should be as clean and as pure as possible. �The prayer is offered directly to God without any intermediary. �Muslims all over the world face towards The Kaba, which is in the city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. �This practice symbolizes the unity of all Muslims.

The Five Pillars of Islam �Muslims are required to pray in the mosque with the congregation on Fridays. �In practice, across the Muslim world Friday is observed as a weekly holiday. �There is no membership to belong to a certain mosque. All Muslims are welcome to all mosques.

The Five Pillars of Islam � 3. Fasting �Fasting is the third act of worship in Islam. �Muslims fast in the month of Ramadan every year. �The month of Ramadan is the ninth month in the Islamic calendar. �Those who are too weak or ill are not required to fast. �The fast starts at the break of dawn. �The fast ends at the time of sun set.

The Five Pillars of Islam �At the time of fasting the person does not eat or drink or smoke or have sex with the spouse. �A fasting Muslim is expected not to speak ill of others, not to cheat or lie or commit other sins.

The Five Pillars of Islam � 4. Charity �The fourth pillar of Islam is charity. �Charity is a purification of wealth, designed to help and benefit those in need (i. e. the poor, hungry, orphaned, widowed, ill, etc). �Charity is 2. 5% of an individual’s total wealth and is paid yearly. �“Zakat [charity] expenditures are only for the poor and for the needy and for those employed to collect [Zakat] and for bringing hearts together [for Islam] and for freeing captives [or slaves] and for those in debt and for the cause of Allah and for the [stranded] traveler – an obligation [imposed] by Allah. And Allah is Knowing and Wise. ” [Surah At-Tawba (The Repentance), 9: 60]

The Five Pillars of Islam � 5. Haj--Pilgrimage to Mecca �The Haj or the pilgrimage to Mecca is an essential duty of all Muslims. �This duty has to be performed once in a life-time. �Only those people are required to go for Haj who are in good health, who have the money and the means to travel to Saudi Arabia. �Haj is performed by visiting Mecca in Arabia at the annual time of Haj. �The person who travels to Mecca and carries out the prayers and procedures in and around the grand mosque of Kaba at the time of Haj is called Haji (or the pilgrim).

The Five Pillars of Islam �Every year more than one and one half million Muslims from all parts of the world perform Haj at Kaba. �This large gathering of Muslims of all races and cultures promotes the international brotherhood and reflects that all Muslims are alike and equal in the sight of God. �A person who is to perform Haj wears two pieces of white garment. The head is left bare. �Thus every one is dressed in similar clothing. Everyone walks around the Kaba seven times.

The Six Articles of Faith �The six articles of faith are collectively the creed of Islam. �The six articles of faith sum up the basic theology of Islam: the belief in one God, His Angels, His Messengers, His Books, Divine Predestination, and the Day of Resurrection. � 1. God �There is no God but ONE God. He has neither parents nor progeny. He is one entity, all knowing and omnipotent.

The Six Articles of Faith � 2. Angels �Angels are creations who worship and serve God. �There are many Angels, though only a few are mentioned in the Quran. �The most well-known Angel in Islam is Jibril (Gabriel), who brought most of the Quran and revelations from God to Prophet Muhammad.

The Six Articles of Faith � 3. Prophets. �The Prophet Muhammad is known as The Seal of Prophets, indicating that there were many more Prophets before him, and none after him. �In the Koran, twenty-five Prophets are mentioned in various chapters including: Adam, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Ishmael, Lot, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Aaron, David, Solomon, Job, Jonah, Zachariah, John and Jesus. �The Prophets serve as role models for all Muslims and were sent down as the Messengers of God were all human beings, spreading the same message that the Prophet Muhammad spread across the world- to worship one God.

The Six Articles of Faith � 4. Scriptures �There are five known scriptures and texts that document revelations to five different Prophets, as stated in the Koran. �The five texts are: the Scrolls of Abraham, the Scrolls and Torah of Moses, the Psalms of David, the Gospel of Jesus , and the Koran of Muhammad. �Muslims believe that these scriptures were once authentic, but over time they have been changed and therefore the original message has not been conserved.

The Six Articles of Faith �Koran has not been changed since its codification. �Previous scriptures had been revealed with specific directions and guidance for the respective tribes of the Prophets. �Koran was revealed to provide universal guidance, for all situations, for all nations of people, and for all times to come.

The Six Articles of Faith � 5. Predestination �God knows His creation’s actions even before they do them. �God has still given man free choice. Man has the power to make his own decisions; God just knows what man will decide before man does so.

The Six Articles of Faith � 6. Resurrection �Every human being will be resurrected from the grave. �This day is known as the Day of Resurrection or The Day of Judgment. �On the Day of Judgment, every human being will be held accountable for every good and bad deed he or she did, regardless of how small or great the deed was. �On the Day of Judgment it will be decided whether a soul will enter Heaven or Hell, determined by the records of deeds.

Contributions of Islam �Islam set family laws and made rules for inheritance. �It discouraged and eliminated slavery. �It made the state responsible for the basic needs of all of it's citizens, regardless of their race or religion. �The state is responsible to protect the legitimate rights of the citizens. �Islam encouraged the acquisition and propagation of knowledge.

Contributions of Islam �In the dark period of the Middle Ages, Muslims scholars carried all the advances in the fields of science and social subjects. �Medical schools were active in Baghdad and later in other parts of the Muslim world in the times of the Dark Ages in Europe. �Muslim scholars introduced the use of zero. �Arabic numerals that are used in our every day life today.

Contributions of Islam �The Muslims invented the sciences of algebra and trigonometry, including logarithms and trigonometrical ratios, and the relations of sine and cosine, tangent and cotangent. �As a result of the wide acquisition and dissemination of knowledge, even the peasants and farmers in Muslim Spain could read and write, whereas, the dukes and princes in Europe were mostly illiterate.

Koran: The nature of God �He that obeys god is rewarded with place in heaven. �Those who disobey are punished in the afterlife. �God is forgiving and merciful. (so should you). [repeated] �God bears witness to all things. �God is all-knowing and wise. �Have fear of God. �God is stern in retribution.

Koran: The nature of God �God knows the innermost thoughts of men. �God is cognizant of all your actions. �God loves those who do good. �God has power over all things. �God loves those who deal justly. �God does not love the transgressors. �God loves the charitable. �God knows all that you hide and all that you reveal.

4. Women �God created men from a single soul. �Treatment of orphan girls. �Treat them fairly. �Do not squander their property �Marrying more than one woman. �Maintain equality among them. �Division of property at the time of death of a relative. �What to do with women who fornicate.

4. Women �Four witnesses. �Confine them to their house. �Treat widows with kindness. �A woman’s dowry should not be taken away form her. �Man is forbidden to marry some women. �Mothers, sisters, daughters, etc. �Importance of chastity. �Do not be jealous.

4. Women �Men have authority over women. �God has made one superior to the other. What was the thinking of the Christian church regarding this at this time? �How to solve problems between a man and his wife. How is it better than seeing a marriage therapist? �Show kindness to everyone.

5. The Table �What to eat and what not to eat. �God has perfected your religion. �How to pray. �Bear true witness. �Deal justly; that is nearer to true piety. �God made a covenant with the Israelites. They broke their covenant. “They have tampered with words out of their context and forgotten much of what they were enjoined. ”

5. The Table �Christians have also forgotten what they were enjoined. �Muhammad has come to reveal what Jews and Christians have hidden. �“Those who make war against God and His apostle and spread disorder in the land shall be put to death or crucified or have their hands and feet cut off on alternate sides, or be banished from the country. ”

5. The Table �Fight valiantly for his cause, so that you may triumph. �How to deal with thieves. �The Koran confirms the Scriptures which came before it and stands as a guardian over them. �God did not wish for there to be one nation. Compete with each other in good works. �Don’t make friends with Jews and Christians. You will become one of them. �Your only protectors are God his apostle and the faithful.

5. The Table �If the People of the Book observe the Torah and the Gospel and what is revealed to them from their Lord, they shall enjoy abundance from above and from beneath. �The son of Mary cannot be the Messiah. “He that worships other gods beside God, God will deny Paradise and Hell shall be his home. ” �Unbelievers are those who say “God is one of three. ” �There is but one God.

5. The Table �The son of Mary was no more than an apostle, like many before him. �His mother was a saintly woman. �They both ate earthly food. �“Jesus, son of Mary, did you ever say to mankind: ‘Worship me and my mother as gods beside God? ’” �Don’t drink wine, don’t gamble. �Do not ask questions about things which, if made known to you, would only pain you.