Risa Gluskin York Mills CI gluskin ca Using

Risa Gluskin York Mills CI gluskin. ca Using Graphs in Social Science

Income Inequality in Canada How to Read a Table and a Graph

Relative Income Inequality Percentage Distribution of Total Income of Canadian Families by Quintiles, 1974, 1984, and 1996 Quintile 1974 (%) 1984 (%) 1996 (%) Lowest 6. 3 6. 1 Second 13. 1 12. 3 11. 9 Middle 18. 2 18 17. 4 Fourth 23. 6 24. 1 24. 0 Highest 38. 8 39. 5 40. 6 Bain, C. , Colyer, J. , Des. Rivieres, D. , & Dolan, S. (2002). Transitions in Society: The Challenge of Change. Toronto: Oxford University Press. (82)

Absolute Income Inequality Average Total Income By Family Type, Select Years, 1976 to 2008 Two-parent families with children Female loneparent Male loneparent 1976 77, 400 28, 000 53, 300 1996 78, 500 29, 200 46, 000 2006 95, 200 39, 800 65, 000 2007 99, 300 40, 800 60, 300 2008 100, 200 42, 300 60, 400 Adapted from Statistics Canada. (2010). Average total income by family type, select years, 1976 to 2008. Retrieved March 3, 2011 from http: //www. statcan. gc. ca/pub/8903/2010001/article/11388/tbl 003 -

Women Employed as a Percentage of All Occupations, 1987 and 2009 Source: Statistics Canada, Labour Force Survey Statistics Canada. (2012, Feb. 24). Women employed as a percentage of all occupations, 1987 and 2009. Retrieved Jan. 17, 2013 from http: //www. statcan. gc. ca/pub/89 -503 x/2010001/article/11387/c-g 007 eng. htm

Globalization Hooks and ‘Ah hah’ Moments, Visual Confirmation of Concepts

Distribution of World Income % of total annual world income Poorest, 1 Richest, 42 Poorest Richest Other, 57 Other Conference Board of Canada. (2011, Sept. ). World income inequality. Retrieved April 12, 2012 from http: //www. conferenceboard. ca/hcp/hot-opics/world. Inequality. aspx

Richest 10% U Au K So stra l ut h ia Ko re a C an ad a N or w ay Ja p Sw an ed en hi na C U S 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 So Bra ut zi l h Af ric a R C uss os i ta a R ic a Percent income earned by richest 10% Income Distribution Country Nation Master. (N. d. ). Economy statistics. Income distribution; richest 10% (most recent) by country. Retrieved April 13, 2012 from www. nationmaster. com

Demography: Baby Boom, Echo Boom How to Choose the Right Graph to Represent a Concept

Canada's Population Growth During the Last 50 Years Statistics Canada. (2009, Sept. 22). Canada’s population growth during the last 50 years. Retrieved Jan. 17, 2013 from http: //www 12. statcan. ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97 -550/figures/c 1 -eng. cfm

Population and Growth Components (1851 -2001 Censuses) Total Population growth (thousands) Births Deaths Immigration Emigration 19411951 2, 141 3, 186 1, 214 548 379 19511956 2, 433 2, 106 633 783 185 19561961 2, 157 2, 362 687 760 278 19661971 1, 553 1, 856 766 890 427 19962001 1, 410 1, 705 1, 089 1, 217 376 Period Adapted from Statistics Canada. (2005, Jan. 28). Census of Population.

Population Pyramid, 1996 Natural Resources Canada. (2004). The atlas of Canada; population pyramid 1996. Retrieved April 25, 2012 from http: //atlas. nrcan. gc. ca/auth/english/maps/peopleandsociety/age 1996/can_graph.

PP 2006 Statistics Canada. (2009). 2006 Census: analysis series – findings. Figure 7: different cohorts among the age pyramid of the Canadian population in 2006. Retrieved April 25, 2012 from http: //www 12. statcan. ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97 -551/figures/c 7 -eng. cfm

PPs for 1966 and 2006 Canadian Institutes of Health Research. (2007). The future is aging. Retrieved April 25, 2012 from http: //www. cihr-irsc. gc. ca/e/34013. html

Proportion of Persons Aged 65 Years and Over Among the G 8 Countries in 2006 Statistics Canada. (2009, Sept. 22). Proportion of persons aged 65 years and over among G 8 countries in 2006. Retrieved Jan. 17, 2013 from http: //www 12. statcan. ca/census-recensement/2006/assa/97 -551/figures/c 4 - eng. cfm

Number of Persons Aged 65 and Over and Number of Children Aged Less Than 15 Years in the Canadian Population 1956 -2016 Statistics Canada. (2009, Sept. 22). Number of persons aged 65 and over and number of children aged less than 15 years in The Canadian population 1956 -2016. Retrieved Feb. 14, 2013 from http: //www 12. statcan. ca/censusrecensement/2006/as-sa/97 - 551/figures/c 1 -eng. cfm

Fertility and Fecundity Using the Magic Pencil Making a Scattergraph

World Population

World Fertility Rates

Births and Total Fertility Rates, Canada, 1988 to 2008 Statistics Canada. (2011, April 29). Births and total fertility rates, Canada, 1988 to 2008. Retrieved Nov. 29, 2012 from http: //www. statcan. gc. ca/pub/84 f 0210 x/2008000/ct 006 -eng. htm

Age-specific Fertility Rates, Canada, 1988 to 2008 Statistics Canada. (2011, April 29). Births and total fertility rates, Canada, 1988 to 2008. Retrieved Nov. 29, 2012 from http: //www. statcan. gc. ca/pub/84 f 0210 x/2008000/ct 002 -eng. htm

Making Scattergraphs X coordinate • Students receive data on fertility rates of almost all countries ranging from lowest (1. 2) to highest (8. 0), and arranged in six groups. – They randomly choose six countries from each of the six ranges. This gives them a sample of 36 that includes high, medium and low, as well developed and developing countries.

Y coordinate • Students are given two variables to plot for their 36 countries. • Together we make educated guesses about whether we think there will be a positive, negative, or no correlation between the X and Y coordinates, in other words between fertility rates and each proximate determinant. – – – Per capita national income (GNI PPP per Capita) Percent of married woman 15 -49 using contraception (modern methods) Percentage of women economically active Percentage of Females enrolled in Secondary School Percentage of Women Married in the 15 -19 age group Childbearing under the age of 20 (measured in births per 1000)

Graphing • They have to make two graphs by hand fully label them (which I have already modeled for them at the beginning of the chapter when they make a graph for relationship between fertility rates and year of birth of the mother). • They only draw their “line of best fit” in class when they meet with the other people who had the same graphs as them.

Correlation Not Causation

No Correlation

Proximate Determinants