Rio de Janeiro n n n Rio de

Rio de Janeiro

n n n Rio de Janeiro calls simply as Rio Introduction the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro the second largest city of Brazil the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, Rio de Janeiro has become a home of a world heritage side named "Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea, "

Flags of Rio n And seal of Rio n

Brief information n n n Country Brazil Region. Southeast. State Rio de Janeiro Founded March 1, 1565 Government Type. Mayor-council Body. Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro Area • Municipality 1, 260 km 2 (486. 5 sq mi) • Metro 4, 557 km 2 (1, 759. 6 sq mi) Population Metro 12, 387, 000

1 Geography c Region. Southeast State Rio de Janeiro Founded March 1, 1565 The population of the city of Rio de Janeiro, occupying an area of 1, 182. 3 square kilometres (456. 5 sq mi), is about 6, 000. The population of the greater metropolitan area is estimated at 11– 13. 5 million. It was Brazil's capital until 1960, when Brasília took its place. Residents of the city are known as cariocas. The official song of Rio is "Cidade Maravilhosa", by composer André Filho. o r e o f R i o , l i e s o n t h e p l

n n Rio de Janeiro is on a strip of Brazil's Atlantic coast, close to the Tropic of Capricorn, where the shoreline is oriented east–west. Facing largely south, the city was founded on an inlet of this stretch of the coast, Guanabara Bay and its entrance is marked by a point of land called Sugar Loaf– a "calling card" of the city. The Centre the core of Rio, lies on the plains of the western shore of Guanabara Bay. The greater portion of the city, commonly referred to as the North Zone , extends to the northwest on plains composed of marine and continental sediments and on hills and several rocky mountains. The South Zone of the city, reaching the beaches fringing the open sea, is cut off from the Centre and from the North Zone by coastal mountains. These mountains and hills are offshoots of the Serra do Mar to the northwest, the ancient gneiss-granite mountain chain that forms the southern slopes of the Brazilian Highlands. The large West Zone , long cut off by the mountainous terrain, had been made accessible by new roads and tunnels by the end of the 20 th century

History On January 1, 1502, Gaspar de Lemos arrived in Brazil from Portugal and entered the Baía de Guanabara, inhabited at the time by the Tamoio people. He mistook the bay for the entrance of a river and named it Rio de Janeiro. The French settled the area in 1555 as a trade outpost for paubrasil, or Brazilwood and formed an alliance with the Tamoio against the Portuguese, but were expelled in 1567. The Tamoio were driven from their land by the Portuguese and the settlement Sao Sebastiao do Rio de Janeiro was established by the Portuguese government.

n By the 17 th century, Rio became an important Brazilian settlement. African slaves were brought over to work first the sugar plantations and then the gold mines of Minas Gerias. These gold mines proved to be prolific and the city increased in population and importance as gold and diamonds arrived in the port from Minas Gerais. n Towards the end of the 19 th century, the city’s population grew rapidly due to immigration from Europe and migration from within the country. By 1891, Rio was host to more than 500, 000 people. The city continued developing and spreading rapidly, removing mountains, reclaiming bay water and constructing skyscrapers in the process.

The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the. Portuguese colonial era, 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves, and 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Cidade Maravilhosa or "Marvelous City. "

Demographics n n n According to the 2010 IBGE Census, there were 5, 940, 224 people residing in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The census revealed the following numbers: 3, 234, 812 White people (51. 2%), 2, 307, 104 Brown (Multiracial) people (36. 5%), 724, 197 Black people (11. 5%), 46, 484 East Asian people (0. 7%), 6, 320 Amerindian people (0. 1%). In 2010, the city of Rio de Janeiro was the 2 nd most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. In 2010, the city had 1, 200, 697 opposite-sex couples and 5, 612 samesex couples (see more at LGBT rights in Brazil). The population of Rio de Janeiro was 53. 2% female and 46. 8% male

GROUP Portuguese immigrants POPULATION PERCENTAGE 3] 106, 46 20. 36% Brazilians of at least one 161, 20 Portuguese parent Rio de Janeiro city (1890) 30. 84% Portuguese immigrants and 267, 66 their descendants 51. 2% Population growth Total genetic composition Am e r Afri Euro c p i d a a i n n a n Ancestor People of Rio 7. 4 18. 9 73. 3 % % %

Climate In inland areas of the city, temperatures above 40 °C are common during the summer, though rarely for long periods, while maximum temperatures above 27 °C can occur on a monthly basis. Rio has a savana climate that closely borders a tropical monson climate according to the and is often characterized by long periods of heavy rain from December to March. n

n Along the coast, the breeze, blowing alternately onshore and offshore, moderates the temperature. Because of its geographic situation, the city is often reached, especially during autumn and winter, by cold fronts advancing from Antarctica, causing frequent weather changes. It is mostly in summer that strong showers provoke catastrophic floods and landslides.

Road transport n Driving in Rio de Janeiro, as in most large cities of Brazil, might not be the best choice due to the large car fleet. The city is served by a number of expressways in spite of this, traffic jams are very common. In sight of the 2016 Olympics, the state is opening two more freeways in the city, (between Barra and the Galeão International Airport).

Tourists attractions Tram arriving at Sugarloaf mountain (Pão de Açúcar) with its cable car; São Conrado receives many tourists from around the world. Many come to jump with aparachute and do other activities that the district offers.

View from the top of the Corcovado. Christ the redemer statue , named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

The most famost beaches Copaca bana. Be ach rict. Panoram each B e m e a of L dist e m i r p and LGBTs on Ipanema Beach.

This region is home to the Maracanã stadium ), once the world's highest capacity football (soccer) venue, able to hold nearly 199, 000 people, as it did the. World Cup final of 1950. In modern times its capacity has been reduced to conform with modern safety regulations and the stadium has introduced seating for all fans.

Carnaval, is an annual celebration in the Roman Catholic tradition that allows merry-making and red meat consumption before the more sober 40 days of Lent penance which culminates with Holy or Passion Week and Easter

Every December 31, 2. 5 million people gather at Copacabana Beach to celebrate New Year's in Rio de Janeiro. The crowd, mostly dressed in white, celebrates all night at the hundreds of different shows and events along the beach. It is the second largest celebration only next to the Carnival. People celebrate the New Year by sharing chilled champagne. It is considered good luck to shake the champagne bottle and spray around at midnight. Chilled champagne adds to the spirit of the festivities.

n . Cariocas, as the people who are born in Rio de Janeiro are called in Brazil, have made extensive contributions to Brazil's (and the World's) history, culture, music, literature, education, science, technology etc. Notable cariocas n. Some famous cariocas who wre born in Rio n Ronaldo Antônio Carlos Jobim. Paulo Coelho Walter Salles.