RIKEN RI Beam Factory RIBF Experiment facility Old

RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) Experiment facility Old facility To be funded Accelerator RIPS ~100 Me. V/nucleon GARIS SHE (eg. Z=113) ~5 Me. V/nucleon RILAC SCRIT AVF f. RC Zero. Degree RRC SAMURAI SRC SLOWRI RI-ring IRC CRIB (CNS) New facility Big. RIPS SHARAQ 350 -400 Me. V/nucleon Intense (80 k. W max. ) H. I. beams (up to U) of 345 AMe. V at SRC Fast RI beams by projectile fragmentation and U-fission at Big. RIPS Operation since 2007

Progress of Research Opportunities with RI Beams 1990 - Construction of a dedicated facility for RI beam production via the projectile fragmentation 0 th-generation at LBL 1 st-generation at LISE-GANIL

Challenges in Methodology with fast RI beams at RIPS ~40 -70 A Me. V and A < 60 transmission method for nuclear radii information energy-dependence of total reaction cross sections, e. g. 11 Be in-beam gamma spectroscopy for particle bound states Magicity loss at N=20 Anomaly of B(E 2) in 16 C via Coulomb excitation, (p, p’), Two-step fragmentation, Recoil-shadow methods, . . . invariant mass spectroscopy for particle unbound states Large B(E 1) in the halo nuclei 11 Be, 19 C Radiative capture cross sections in stellar evolutions : 7 Be(p, g)8 B missing mass spectroscopy Spectroscopy on the heaviest hydrogen 7 H polarized rare-isotope beams for electro-magnetic moments Anomaly of quadrupole moments in the B isotopes via beta-NMR techniques

New frameworks for the new region of nuclear chart Nuclear Structure: Shell evolution Nuclear Matter: New forms Stable Nuclei Neutron-rich Nuclei ? neutron-skin nuclei ? ? neutron-halo nuclei N=16 N=6 11 Be, 11 Li, 19 C. . . Observation of Exotic phenomena, Systematics, etc. Isospin-, density-dependences of effective interactions, nucleon-corrections Microscopic system (nuclei) to Macroscopic system (neutron stars)

Challenge for r-process path and explosion in supernovae Synthesis up to U （r-process） unknown neutron-rich nuclei theoretical predictions only Necessary of experimental investigation for nuclear properties of heavy and neutron-rich nuclei Mass, life-time, decay mode Mass number Explosion mechanism of supernova No explosion in theoretical works Outer clast of neutron star Necessary of experimental study for Equation-of-State for nuclear matter 1987 A 5

Exploration of the Limit of Existence Great expansion of nuclear world by RIBF Intensity > 1 particle/day (EPAX@GSI) protons New Element 278 113 04 July 23 18: 55 57 fb Projectile Fragmentation In-flight U fission & P. F. 78 Ni ~0. 1 particles/sec. (goal) (2007) 10 particles/sec. by by 10 pn. A 1 pm. A 350 Me. V/u U-beam neutrons

Delivery of tagged RI-beam Based on two-stage separator scheme T. Kubo et al. Cocktail beam Tagged beam To RI-beam delivery line & experimental set-ups TOF& E Dispersive focus A, Z, Q mixed B measurement Identify RI-beam species Z, A/Q by measuring E, B , TOF in an event-by-event mode using beam-line detectors on the 2 nd stage. Aim at tagging rate up to 1 x 106 pps. total reaction cross section measurement with 2 nd stage 2 ndary target placed at F 5

New isotopes of 125, 126 Pd Bρ: 7. 438 Tm, ΔP/P=2% 238 U + Be(7 mm) at 345 Me. V/u 2007 MAY-JUNE Total dose: 3. 6× 1012 Isomer 96 Rb Onishi et al. , JPSJ in press.

Identification of new isotopes 125, 126 Pd T. Onishi et al, JPSJ 77 (08)083201. 125 (22 counts) 126 (3 counts) Total dose 3. 6 x 1012 for 25 hrs I ~0. 01 pn. A on average A/Q resolution(r. m. s): 0. 041% at Z=46 Br resolution (r. m. s): 0. 02% DT resolution (r. m. s. ): 40 psec Cf. 124 Pd 19 counts, 125 Pd(cand. ) 1 count at GSI, 1997 PLB 415, 111 (97); total dose ~1 x 1012

23 New Isotopes !! Nov. 2008 run

Commissioning and Experiments in 2008 Half a year delayed due to the problem of carry-over oil contamination in the refrigerators for the SRC and Big. RIPS cryogenic system November, 238 U beam at 345 Me. V/u and ~0. 4 pn. A (max. ) (10 times higher than in last year) 7 th-26 th Zero. Degree Commissioning: detectors, optics, PID Search for New Isotopes December, 48 Ca beam at 345 Me. V/u and >100 pn. A 5 th-21 st Search for Halo Nuclei In-beam gamma spectroscopy for island of inversion and beyond Four proposed-experiments are combined to form “one” collaboration Programs are managed Not proposal-by-proposal but RIB-by-RIB based to save RIB tuning time and man-powers to have the best programs according to the beam intensity

Year 2009 Plan A/Q~2 beams with Z<=8 before summer Bypass beam line to skip IRC for AVF-RRC-SRC mode SHARAQ Commissioning in March Experimental programs with polarized deuteron beams and light ion beams: 3 NF, (d, 3 He), (p, 2 p) Toward more intense beams A new 18 GHz ECRIS for RILAC will be installed in March, 2009 increase of the U beam by a factor of 10 Zn, Xe beam commissioning R&D efforts for charge strippers Experimental programs with Ca, Kr, Xe and U

Nuclear Structure Nuclear Matter Nuclear Reaction Nuclear Astrophysics

International workshop “Nuclear Physics with RIBF” March 13 -17 th 2006 Workshop coordination meeting 25 th Feb (Sat. ) 13: 30 – 17: 01 Participants: T. Otsuka, M. Matsuo, Y. Enyo, A. Kohama, K. Yabana, N. Aoi , H. Ueno, M. Wada, A. Ozawa, T. Motobayashi, S. Nishimura, A. Yoshimi , T. Suda, H. Sakurai 1. Exploring variations of single-particle motions 2. Novel correlations in dilute nuclear matter 3. Novel dynamics of nuclear matter 4. New collectivity beyond nuclear self-consistency 5. -1 Innovative approach to nuclear reactions -I fusion/fission, heavy ion induced reaction and associated topics 5. -2 Innovative approach to nuclear reactions -II direct reaction and associated topics

Major questions about theory programs (my personal concerns) study of interaction ? ? such as Chiral perturbation theory microscopic study of nuclear structure in heavy-mass region ? ? fission dynamics ? ? Interplay of mean field between nuclear structure and reaction? ? new version of IBM ? ? high spin states in nuclei far from the stability line ? ? . . . If you need computing power, you can use computers in RIKEN Computer Center. In near future, you will have chance to use Peta-flops supercomputer being built by RIKEN computer division. vector+scalar

RIBF Theory Forum To form a virtual laboratory as a driving force for theoretical works To form a theory network based on models To discuss entire strategies and directions To propose theorist-driven workshops To enhance collaborations between theorists and experimentalists as well as among theorists, to create something new 松尾、矢花、中務 延与 板垣 宇都野->本間 緒方 小野 小濱 萩野 望月 櫻井 第 0回 2006年 8月10日 第 1回 2006年 10月11日 第 2回 2006年 12月6日 第 3回 2007年 1月30日 第 4回 2007年 5月24日拡大ワークショップ 第 5回 2008年 4月12日

“Phase diagram” in proton- and neutron-densities neutron-density Finite system r-dependence of densities ? r 0 neutron star Inner structure ? ? EOS and Temperature dependence ? Supernova Explosion ? di-neutron Toward high-density Two-body forces ? Role of three-body forces and isospins? T~10 Me. V Fe-core collapse N=Z at neutron-halo/skin ? Matsuo deuteron condensation at excited states? alpha condensation In dilute-system Exotic condensation ? ? Shuck at excited states? r 0 proton-density normal density Based on Matsuo-En’yo

RIBF Facility Layout Old facility RIPS ~100 Me. V/nucleon GARIS Phase-II Experimental Installations 2007~2012 (plan) ~5 Me. V/nucleon Big. RIPS/Zero. Degree CRIB (CNS) 350 -400 Me. V/nucleon New facility 350 Me. V/nucleon up to U 1 st beam in 2006 Phase–I 2007 Accelerators + Big. RIPS/Zero. Degree

Phase-I programs at Big. RIPS/Zero. Degree 2007~ Rare-Isotope Physics Programs Fast RI beam production to search for new isotopes Global survey to search for anomalous regions Specific programs with deuteron beams Big. RIPS in-flight production of fast rare-isotope beams Ground state properties and low lying excited states via decay spectroscopy / transmission method: particle stability, T 1/2, Qb, s. R, Ex. (2+). . . Deeply bound pionic states via (d, 3 He) at 500 Me. V Three-body force via pol. d+p elastic scattering at 700 Me. V Zero. Degree multi-function beam line for inclusive/semi-inclusive measurements production of 3 rd RI beams Collectivity and matter distribution via in-beam gamma / missing mass spectroscopy One step energy regime 200~300 A Me. V B(E 2), B(M 1), (p, p’), Ex. .

Big. RIPS /Zero. Degree Exploration into “Isospin Frontier” toward the drip-lines Reaction study fit for high energy domain 200 -300 A Me. V Big. RIPS Zero. Degree Fragment Separator high acceptance for fission fragments pid for RI beams at the second section Multi-function BT line pid for ejectiles in inclusive- and semi-exclusive measurement medium resolution (p/dp ~ 2000 – 4000) Experimental set-ups RIB production PID section

Flag ship regions at neutron-rich side 238 U 48 Ca beam Neutron drip-line for F-to-Mg isotopes? Particle stability 33 F, 36 Ne, 39 Na, 40 Mg p-wave halo ? : 31 Ne. . . Island of inversion : deformation center at N=22? B(E 2) for 30 Ne, and Ex(2+) for 36 Mg, etc. Possible deformation at N=28? B(E 2) and Ex(2+) for 42 Si, 38 Mg, etc. Oxygen beyond N=16 Ground and excited states for 25, 26 O beam New isotopes between Z=20 to 60 Maaaany new ones !! R-process path T 1/2 at A>80 New magicity at 54 Ca ? ? B(E 2), Ex(2+), . . . Magicity loss at 78 Ni ? ? T 1/2, B(E 2), Ex(2+), . . . Role of p-n pairing around 132 Sn ? ? B(E 2), Ex(2+), . . . Deformation at A~110 ? ? collective states

Flag ship regions at proton-rich side 124 Xe 78 Kr beam New isotopes, Proton-drip line ? Double magicity at 100 Sn ? 2 p decay rp- process

Magic number, E(2+) and B(E 2) 82 E(2+) [ke. V] 126 50 proton number 82 20 28 132 Sn 90 Zr 28 50 68 Ni 20 B(E 2)-1 [1/W. u. ] 2001 82 208 Pb 126 50 82 20 208 Pb 28 90 Zr 28 50 68 Ni 132 Sn 2001 neutron number

New isotopes of 125, 126 Pd ？！ Bρ: 7. 438 Tm, ΔP/P=2% 238 U + Be(7 mm) at 345 Me. V/u 2007 MAY-JUNE Total dose: 3. 6× 1012 Isomer 96 Rb Onishi et al. , JPSJ in press.

Higher excited states and higher spin states for exotic phenomena of collectivity? not only low lying states but also. . . medium and heavy mass system J, Ex neutron skins ? collectivity originated from neutrons in skin pairing ? rotation energy v. s. pairing energy cluster super-deformation ? mean field v. s. cluster formation exotic modes ? originated from two asymmetric liquids. . . population by fragmentation/fission

Exotic collectivity originated from decoupling between core and neutron-skin? ? skin thickness > range of p-n interaction “Soft” Dipole Mode K. Ikeda, Nucl. Phys. A 538 (1992)355 Decoupling between skin and core in rotation? ? “Soft” Scissors Mode D. D. Warner, P. Van Isacker, PLB 395 (1997)145 wc = wskin? Any other exotic ? ? ?

Phase-II construction 2007 -2012 To maximize the potentials of intense RI beams available at RIBF http: //rarfaxp. riken. go. jp/RIBF-TAC 05/ SAMURAI - large acceptance Kobayashi et al. SCRIT - e-RI collision Wakasugi, Suda et al. Rare RI Ring – mass Ozawa et al. SLOWRI- slow beams Wada et al. SHARAQ - high resolution Shimoura et al. RI Spin Lab. at RIPS –pol. RI beam Ueno et al.

SHARAQ Spectrometer Sakai et al 2009 External investment by CNS, Univ. of Tokyo High resolution spectrometer for fast RI beams p/Dp ~ 15, 000, Dq<1 mrad, Br=6. 8 Tm Dispersion matching technique RI beam as new probe to control Dq, DS, DT Missing mass spectroscopy with standard kinematics Spin-isospin response probed by fast RI beams : transparent at 300 A Me. V Double charge exchange : double GTR, IVSMR Multi-neutron system, etc.

SAMURAI Spectrometer Kobayashi et al 2011 - versatile spectrometer with a large superconducting magnet a large acceptance exclusive measurements neutron measurements 80 cm gap, BL~ 7 Tm, Bmax=3 T PID limited to A~100 Invariant/missing mass spectroscopy giant resonances single particle states via (p, 2 p) etc EOS in asymmetric nuclear matter : SAMURAI-TPC Particle correlations in a few-body system 3 NF Coulomb breakup for radiative capture c. s. (p, g), (n, g)

Phase-II programs (installations 2007 -2012) [2] Unique facilities SLOWRI Wada et al. 2009 production of high-purity and slow RI beam with an rf-ion guide system Table-top experiments: rf-ion guide Mass spectroscopy (10 -5) via MR-TOF system co-linear laser spectroscopy, trap. . . Rare RI ring Ozawa et al. isochronous storage ring designed for c. w. beams precise mass measurement (10 -6) via individual injection/extraction by trigger kickers particle by particle at <1 Hz pid at injection/extraction Shell evolution and pairing correlation SCRIT Wakasugi et al. Self-confining Radioactive Ion Target system realized in an electron-ring for e-RI collisions Charge form factor measurement isochronous ring Scattered electron SCRIT ebeam L>1026 /cm 2/s for 132 Sn for 1 week ->105 pps injection Feasibility check at KSR, Kyoto-Univ. RIs trapped by the electron beam

Zero. Degree SLOWRI Budget Status and Construction Plan Approved in FY 08 Operation for 5 months Facility Construction SAMURAI (15 M$ for FY 08 -11 SCRIT magnet, detectors SHARAQ (high resolution) SAMURAI BT line (2 M$ for FY 08) RI-ring SHARAQ IRC->RIPS BT Requested for FY 09 Operation budget More than 6 months Construction budget for SCRIT (e-RI) a new injector linac FY 10 and later RI-ring, SLOWRI, IRC-RIPS BT

island of stability 132 Sn+RIT Great expansion of nuclear world by RIBF Intensity > 1 particle/day (EPAX@GSI) T 1/2 ~d-y 132 Sn+Stable protons New Element 278 Post-Acceleration 113 04 July 23 18: 55 for fusion product 57 fb and Fragmentation at Big. RIPS Projectile Fragmentation RIB Fragmentation toward the n-drip line neutrons In-flight U fission & P. F. Theoretical Work is necessary for the best combination of projectile and target

nuclear structure nuclear reaction Activity (a. u. ) liquid-drop Atomic Bomb In-beam g HE-HI reaction No waste? ? Shell Compound 05 25 Collective 45 p/d accel. 2 nd IBM AMD 65 85 HI accel. Fusion Halo 160 RRC ? ? 05 RIB accel. ? Laser ? RIBF 25 ? ? ? Year