RIJKSWATERSTAAT Water control by the state Johan den

RIJKSWATERSTAAT (Water control by the state) Johan den Toom Han Leendertz 2/22/2021 1

Rijkswaterstaat Organisation founded by Napoleon’s brother, King of the Netherlands, more than 200 years ago, because he considered it to be a national task Position: Ministry of Transport, Public works and Watermanagement • Dutch owner of rail tracks • Post dept. (part of former KPN • Air department • Water quality department • Rijkswaterstaat (www. rijkswaterstaat. nl) 2/22/2021 2

Rijkswaterstaat “owns”: • Rivers • Canals • Sea protection measures (Dykes, Dunes, Beaches) • (moveable) Storm barriers Eastern Scheldt Barrier Haringvliet Barrier Rotterdam Barrier • Ship locks • Motorways • Bridges Note: 2/22/2021 All, if related to national interest 3

Departments in Rijkswaterstaat 1. Ten regional departments, “the owners” 2. Specialist departments • DWW: Roads (asphalt), Dykes**, Dams** • RIKZ: Water quality • AVV: Traffic management • Bouwdienst: Bridges, Locks, Electromechanical, Geotechnical structures, Dams** 2/22/2021 4

Rijkswaterstaat Bouwdienst • Civil Engineering • Steel, Mechanical, Instrumentation and electrical • Hydraulic Structures • Technical developments • Project management • Contracting 2/22/2021 5

Johan den Toom • Hydraulic steel structures • Fixed and moveable steel bridges • Actuation systems of moveable steel bridges Han Leendertz • Hydraulic steel structures • Fixed steel bridges (Orthotropic steel decks) • Bridge bearings (Chairman of CEN TC 167 WG 1 Revisions) • Expansion joints (Chairman of EOTA TG 5 Modular Joints) 2/22/2021 6

How does Rijkswaterstaat work? : Past: • Design • Survey Future: • Design and Construct • Systems engineering, performance oriented, life cycle approach • (European) standardisation 2/22/2021 7

Bridge on A 6 near Kampen over River IJssel 2/22/2021 Main span 150 m, approach 90 m, basc. 20 m 8

Bridge on A 6 near Kampen over River IJssel 2/22/2021 Main span 150 m, approach 90 m, basc. 20 m 9

Bridge on A 6 near Kampen over River IJssel 2/22/2021 Main span 150 m, approach 90 m, basc. 20 m 10

Bridge on A 2 over River Lek (Rhine) near Utrecht) 2/22/2021 l = 350 m, main span = 140 m, b = 29 m, B 65 11

Eastern Scheldt moveable Storm Surge barrier (66 gates) 2/22/2021 12

Storm Surge Barrier near Rotterdam at Nieuwe Maas (Rhine) 2/22/2021 13

Waterways (rivers and canals) 2/22/2021 14

1 6 7 8 2 9 10 3 4 5 Traffic intensities 1 dir. per day in 2004 Nt = cars + lorries Nobs = lorries Motorways and Highways of RWS 2/22/2021 15

Traffic intensities increase example: Rotterdam

Axle load distribution Moerdijk Bridge 1998 2/22/2021 17

Exceedance propability of measured vehicle loads in 1998, 2004 (filtered) and extrapolation 2/22/2021 18

Exceedance propability of measured axle loads in 1998, 2004 (filtered) and extrapolation 2/22/2021 19

Traffic loads in the Netherlands 1. Old code: NEN 1008: 4 k. N/m 2 with 2 lorries 600 k. N 2. Currently: EN 1991 -2 “Traffic Loads” Static: • 9 k. N/m 2 (x 1. 15 for 3 lane motorways) with two 300 k. N axles • 2. 5 k. N/m 2 (x 1. 4 for 3 lane motorways) with two 200 k. N axles (lane 2), 100 k. N axles (lane 3) 3. EN 1992 -1 Static traffic loads have been verified with statistical interpretation of measurements 4. Traffic is measured continuously at 7 locations throughout the country 2/22/2021 20

Details in orthotropic steel decks susceptible to fatigue • Deck plate (D. 1 between cross beams, D. 4 at cross beam) • Open and closed stiffeners (incl. splices)(S. 2) • Stiffener to deck plate connections (S. 1) • Cross beam (C. 4. 5) • Stiffener to cross beam connections (C. 2, C. 3, C. 4. 1, C. 4. 2, C. 4. 3, C. 4. 4, C. 4. 5) 2/22/2021 21

Moveable bridges with orthotropic decks Movable bridges with a orthotropic steel deck have a surfacing of 7 mm epoxy resin, impregnated with granules. Extra weight and deck thickness is usually not possible At this moment repair methods available, they shall be combined with repair of the existing cracks 2/22/2021 22

Moveable bridges with orthotropic decks Repair and improvement methods: Through filling Polyurethane trough filling is spring support for the deck plate at cross beam intersections Reinforcement of existing deck by bonding a second steel plate Sandwich 12 mm thick existing, bonding layer 2 mm (epoxy) and second steel plate 6 mm. Vacuum injection investigated 2/22/2021 23

Replacement of wooden deck by an aluminium deck 2/22/2021 24

Aluminium deck (2) In the past: Azobé 135 mm thick Problems at renewal : - no FSC - every 20 years replacement - vibration problems bolts - corrosion problems support beams 2/22/2021 25

Replacement of wooden deck by an aluminium deck • Aluminium 135 mm structural depth - life expectancy 50 years - expensive • Fabrication environmentally not optimal, but suitable to recycle. Life cycle cost lower than wood • Deck watertight, underlying steel structure better durability 2/22/2021 26

Aluminium deck (4) 2/22/2021 27

Aluminium deck (3) • • Problems aluminium deck 1) Galvanic element (steel and aluminium) 2) Different temperature expansion coefficients steel and aluminium 3) Vibrations Solutions: 1) Upper side of steel support beams aluminised 2) Connnection devices hot dip galvanised 2) Between the steel support beams and the aluminium deck 2 mm Ultra High Moleculair Weight Poly Ethhylene 3) Panels are fastended with spring clamps 2/22/2021 28

Aluminium deck (5) 2/22/2021 29

Current state of the art for moveable bridges (1) • Deck plate thickness: Bridges in motorways approx. 26 mm for continuous and 16 mm for troughs fitted between the crossbeams Troughs: Former Krupp 325/350 * 6 / 8 mm • Material quality main structure: S 355 J 2 +N • Common actuation of draw bridges/basculing bridges: Hydraulic 2/22/2021 30

Current state of the art for moveable bridges (2) • Lifting bridges very often with winches • Common bearing systems are two row cylindrical bearings, sometimes a “Gelenklager” • Availability plays an increasing role • Life cycle costs • Remote control 2/22/2021 31

NEN 6786 Code for Moveable bridges Special aspect: Windloads in the standard • Method - Non-Availabilty has to be determined - Wind climate area - Height of bridge • Actual wind speed is measured with windmeter at locatie or derived from storm warnings for wind at North Sea 2/22/2021 32

Wind speed – Availability relation 2/22/2021 33

Rolling Bridge at Bruinisse 2/22/2021 34

Rolling Bridge at Bruinisse • Selection of rolling bridge: - Basculing bridge too expensive due to basement - Draw bridge and lifting bridge approx. same price - Draw bridge too dominant in landscape - Rolling bridge has good riding qualities due to sidewards road traffic exits and entrances • Principle: As rolling bridge Le Havre over the lock François I • Approach span detailed as composite bridge • Actuation of bridge is electro-mechanical 2/22/2021 35

Rolling Bridge at Bruinisse 2/22/2021 36

Rolling Bridge at Bruinisse Electrically driven bogie Movable bearing Other side of the bogie Hydraulic cylinder 2/22/2021 37

Rolling Bridge at Bruinisse • Bridge has 3 bogies at each side, one with 4 wheels, 1 with 1 wheel and 1 with 2 wheels Maximal wheel load is 630 k. N, wheel diameter is 960 mm Material quality wheels: Forging steel 30 Cr. Ni. Mo 8 tensile strength of 1035 Mpa, hardness of HB 329 kgf/mm 2 Rails RMS 125, tensile strength 1135 Mpa, hardhness HB 350 kgf/mm 2 2/22/2021 38

Rolling Bridge at Bruinisse • Total weight of the rolling bridge is 700 tons • Bridge actuation is on 8 wheels, total needed energy 32 k. W • Opening time 120 sec • 2 jacks for lifting and releasing, each maximal load is 1900 k. N • The wheel axles bearings are dubble row cylindrical bearings, the axles of the bogies in ORKOT bushes 2/22/2021 39

Drawbridge Zandkreeksluis 2/22/2021 40

Drawbridge Zandkreeksluis • 2 Hydraulic cylinders in the columns of the main frame open and close the bridge by the counterweight and hangers • Installed power: 2 * 55 k. W, opening time approx. 120 sec • Open hydraulic system with brake valves • At low wind load, the bridge can be opened by 1 cylinder. The hanger-crossbeam is a box girder for the required torsion stiffness • Dimensions of deck: l = 21. 8 m, width = 13, 1 m 2/22/2021 41

Basculing bridges over the West lock in Terneuzen • Sea ships can reach Ghent (Belgium) via the West lock sluis at Terneuzen • Lock, l = 350 m, w = 40 m (38 m between the guides) • February 2006, 3 rd time a basculing bridges hit by carrier • Substantial damage, bridge cannot move anymore 2/22/2021 42

Terneuzen • New bridges instead of repair • New bridge less sensitive to ship collision: - centre of rotation moved backwards - larger opening angle - bridge deck integrated in lower chord • Result: At 20 m above waterlevel, the distance between the sips and bridge increased with 4 m 2/22/2021 43

Design of new Bridge Terneuzen • In open position, the top of the bridge is at 50 m above the level of the lock walls • Moveable cantilevering bridge part: Weigth is 400 tons, The basculing part is 500 ton 2/22/2021 44

Terneuzen • Loads on existing bascule foundation: Beams between both walls. Actuation system is integrated in beams. • Hydraulisch actuaters (2 hydraulic cylinders with diameter 600 / 360 mm) • 2 bridges will be commisioned in 2008 2/22/2021 45

Thank you for your attention 2/22/2021 46