Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code Proteins

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code Proteins – long chains of amino acids _______ (polypeptides) in a sequence specified by the genetic code The protein hemoglobin made of 4 polypeptide subunits

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code 20 ___ different amino acids create the polypeptide chains (a. k. a. proteins)

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code A sequence of __ letters 3 on m. RNA codes for ____ one specific amino acid 3 letters is considered a "word" _______ codon – a 3 -letter word of m. RNA coding for 1 amino acid

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code 64 ways that 4 letters can be combined into 3 codons Note: most amino acids have more than one codon AUG is methionine (met codon)…the start “_______" codon of m. RNA There are 3 "stop" codons signal end of protein synthesis

Translation the Process of Decoding m. RNA into ______: a Protein To translate: changing from one language to another In the cell, the nucleic acid is translated into a protein I Want to Hold Your Hand Komm, Gib Mir Deine Hand

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Translation Occurs on a _____ ribosomefree in the cytoplasm or on a ribosome attached to the rough-ER

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Translation Before translation, m. RNA is transcribed in the nucleus and then moves to ______cytoplasm

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Translation m. RNA attaches to ribosome A specific amino acid is brought to the ribosome by a _______ t. RNA Each t. RNA carries 1 specific amino acid 3 unpaired bases at bottom of t. RNA (anticodon) are complementary to m. RNA codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome r. RNA (ribosome) m. RNA codon codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome Transfers amino acid from t. RNA to growing polypeptide 1 st

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 1 st 2 nd

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 2 nd

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome - Forms bond between new amino acid and previous one - Breaks bond between new amino acid and t. RNA that brought it in - Moves down to next codon on m. RNA 2 nd 3 rd

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome - polypeptide grows by adding more amino acids _______until stop codon is reached 3 rd

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 3 rd 4 th

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 4 th

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 4 th 5 th

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 4 th 5 th

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 5 th 6 th

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome is a STOP codon It causes the ribosome to release the amino acids and leave. part of a protein 6 th

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Molecular Basis of Heredity Information is transferred from DNA RNA proteins (a few exceptions…virus) DNA m. RNA blueprint t. RNA m. RNA codon codon r. RNA (ribosome) codon foreman supplies carpenters

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Molecular Basis of Heredity Genes make proteins; proteins build body or operate cells