Rhetorical Devices Used by Speakers and Writers Rhetorical

Rhetorical Devices Used by Speakers and Writers • Rhetorical devices are the nuts and bolts of speech and persuasive writing; the parts that make a communication work. Separately, each part of is meaningless, but once put together, they create a powerful effect on the listener/reader. • Rhetorical devices are techniques writers use to enhance their arguments and make their writing effective.

SOAPStone The SOAPStone is a method we will use to thoroughly analyze a text. S: Speaker (Who is speaking/writing? ) O: Occasion (What is going on in the world that led to this speech? ) A: Audience (Who is the intended audience? ) P: Purpose (inform, persuade, entertain, etc. ) S: Subject (The central idea of the speech) Tone: Tone (How the author’s feels about what he/she is writing about. )

What is Rhetoric used for? Rhetorical appeals and devices work together to • 1. Enhance • 2. Emphasize • 3. Illustrate the author’s idea/message. The following question is the essential question we will ask ourselves when identifying rhetoric: How does the author use rhetoric to advance his/her purpose?

Rhetorical Question • question requiring no answer: a question asked for effect that neither expects nor requires an answer. • Are we a nation that tolerates the hypocrisy of a system where workers who pick our fruit and make our beds never have a chance to get right with the law? Are we a nation that accepts the cruelty of ripping children from their parents' arms? Or are we a nation that values families, and works to keep them together? "

Hypophora • A common technique is to start a speech with a hypophora, in which the speaker first asks a question and then answers it. • In many political speeches, the word Why is used regularly as an obvious signpost of the speaker’s intention to give his audience answers.

Repetition • Repetition can be effective in creating a • Yes, we can, to opportunity and sense of structure and prosperity. Yes, we power. In both speech can heal this nation. and literature, Yes, we can repair repeating small this world. Yes, we phrases can ingrain can. an idea in the minds of the audience.

Anaphora • The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses or lines. – "We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. " (British Prime Minister Winston Churchill)

Polysyndeton • using several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted—used to stress the importance of each item • $5 and $10 and $15

Asyndeton • The practice of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. In a list, it gives a more extemporaneous effect and suggests the list may be incomplete. • Example: that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth” by Abraham Lincoln. – Structurally opposite of polysydeton

Parallelism • Parallelism is the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning or meter. • Writing structures that are grammatically parallel helps the reader understand the points better because they flow more smoothly. If there is anyone out there who still doubts…who still wonders…who still questions

Antithesis • a figure of speech in which an opposition or contrast of ideas is expressed by parallelism of words that are the opposites of, or strongly contrasted with, each other, such as “hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all sins” • Obama is famous for having said “There are no red states or blue states. There are only the United States of America. ” • "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way. " (Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities)

Argument by Analogy (Simile and Metaphor) • Argument by analogy draws a parallel between basically dissimilar events or situations. • "The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it - and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. ” JFK

Hyperbole • exaggeration: deliberate and obvious exaggeration used for effect, e. g. • Example: “We’ve fought a million wars together. ”

Loaded Words • Loaded words carry strong emotional associations. • “we have been held back by the chains of discrimination. ” • Diction and connotation.

Tricolon • A tricolon is a list of three, or a sentence in which there are three parts or clauses. The cumulative effect of three has a powerful effect on an audience. – Here, the backyards, living rooms and front porches build a strong picture of “plain folks”

Allusion • the act or practice of making a casual or indirect reference to something. • By using allusion, you not only associate yourself with the ideas of the original text but also create a bond with the audience by evoking share knowledge – The words government of the people, by the people, and for the people are lifted from the “Gettysburg Address”

Rhetorical & Persuasive Appeals • Ethos— the overall appeal of the speaker or writer himself or herself; it is important that this person have impressive credentials, a notable knowledge of the subject, and/or appear to be a likeable and moral person. • Ethos appeals to the audience with a clam, trustworthy, seemingly sincere approach. We listen because we trust the speaker. • Appealing to a person’s ethics or morals. --“I promise you, we as a people will get there. ” --“But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And, above all, I will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation. . . ”

Rhetorical & Persuasive Appeals • Logos—rational appeal; asks the readers to use their intellects and powers of reasoning. It relies on established conventions of logic and evidence. • Logos appeals to the audience with facts, statistics, definitions, historical proof, quotes from expert. • Think of a sports commercial that has a sports star or celebrity giving statistics about their own product.

Rhetorical & Persuasive Appeals • Pathos—an emotional appeal; asks readers to respond out of their beliefs, values, or feelings. It inspires, affirms, frightens, angers. • By appealing to the audience’s emotions, the speaker can make the audience feel sorrow, shame, sympathy, embarrassment, anger, etc. --“So tonight, let us ask ourselves—if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what changes will they see? What progress will we have made? ”

Ethos, Logos, and Pathos • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=9 L_G 8 2 HH 9 Tg

Rhetorical Devices in Disney Songs • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=nk. RC 4 DZF-_U&safe=active

Rhetorical Device Speech Groups • Group One: Mac, Matthew, Maxine, and Ava • Group Two: Maddy, Mckenzie, Nathan, and Xander • Group Three: Sam, Hannah Denton, and Brooke • Group Four: Collin, Rylee, Grayson, and Hannah Wilson • Group Five: Ethan, Anna, and Ladantaye 5 rhetorical devices and SOAPStone!

Rhetorical Device Speech Groups • Group One: Alex, Aleea, Kasie, and Grace • Group Two: Kiersten, Blake, Kendall, and Hannah K. • Group Three: Tetteybea, Elizabith, and Hayden • Group Four: Jayla, Sophie, and Haley • Group Five: Hailey, Hunter, Hannah M. , 5 rhetorical devices and SOAPStone!