Rhetoric How do you appeal to an audience

Rhetoric How do you appeal to an audience?

Purpose n Support a cause n Promote a change n Win agreement n Arouse sympathy n Provoke anger n Refute a theory

Audience n Who are they? n What do they know? n What do they believe? n What doe they expect? n How will they disagree with me? n What do they want me to address? n What type of language should I use?

Assignment: n Using the Internet and working with a partner, find a photo of a door. Copy or screen shot the photo and attach it to this assignment. Along with the photos, type an explanation which analyzes them for their audience and purpose. Ask, who is this door's message directed toward and what is the purpose of the message. What techniques did the creator of the door use to get their message across?

Appeals of Logic: Ethos, Pathos, and Logos n There are several ways to appeal to an audience. n These modes of discourse are prevalent in almost every argument…

Effects of Ethos, Pathos, Logos n Logos 4 evokes a cognitive, rationale response n Ethos demonstrates the author’s reliability, competence, and respect for the audience’s ideas and values through appropriate use of support n Pathos evokes an emotional response

Ethos n Appeal 2 to Morals/Ethics n Language appropriate to audience and subject n Restrained, sincere, fair-minded presentation n Appropriate level of vocabulary n Correct grammar

Definition Ethos 6 n Ethos: n Related to the English word ethics and refers to the trustworthiness of the speaker/writer n Effective persuasive strategy because when we believe that the speaker does not intend to do us harm, we are more willing to listen to what he/she has to say

Example Ethos n Example 6 of Ethos: n When a trusted doctor gives you advice, you may not understand all of the medical reasoning behind the advice, but you nonetheless follow the directions because you believe that the doctor knows what he/she is talking about

Example: n How is Ethos being used here?

Pathos n Appeal to Emotions n Vivid and concrete language n Emotionally loaded language n Emotional examples n Narratives of emotional events n Emotional tone n Figurative language 3

Definition Pathos 7 n Pathos: n Related to the words pathetic, sympathy, and empathy. n Whenever you accept a claim based on how it makes you feel without fully analyzing the rationale behind the claim, you are acting on pathos.

Definition Pathos 7 Continued n They may be any emotions: love, fear, patriotism, guilt, hate, or joy n A majority of arguments in the popular press are heavily dependent on pathetic appeals. n Appeals to pathos touch a nerve and compel people to not only listen, but also take the next step and act in the world

Example: n How is Pathos being used here?

Logos n Appeal 1 to Logic n Theoretical or abstract language n Literal and historical analogies n Definitions n Factual Data and Statistics n Quotations n Citations from experts and authorities n Informed Opinions

Definition Logos 5 n Logos: n This Greek word is the basis for the English word – Logic n Logos refers to any attempt to appeal to the intellect (academic arguments) n There will be logical chains of reasoning supporting ALL claims

Example n How is Logos being used here?

Activity 1: Quickwrite 8 Think of something you tried to persuade a parent, boss, or a friend to do or believe. It could be to buy or pay for something, to left you go early from work, or to go somewhere, etc. n What type of persuasion did you use? n Write a short description of your efforts to persuade your audience and describe the type of persuasion that you used to convince your audience. Were you successful? If not, what could you have done to change the outcome? n