RFID TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS Marshall Breeding Director for

RFID: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http: //www. librarytechnology. org/ Computers in Libraries 2011 Feb 20, 2011 http: //twitter. com/mbreeding

Summary As libraries consider investments in RFIDbased equipment, such as selfcheck stations, anti-theft systems, automated material handling, or inventory control, it’s vital to have a solid understanding of the technology, standards, and best practices. Breeding gives an overview of the technology, some interesting applications enabled by RFID and addresses the issues and controversies brewing on the topic.

Library Technology Guides o. y g o l o n h w i l. ww c e t y r bra

Lib-web-cats Technology Profile

Lib-web-cats extended for RFID Products

Lib-web-cats tech profile

Purdue Self-check

Salt Lake Public Library Self Check

Stockholm Public Self-check

Self-check

Automated Returns

Gentofte Patron Checkout and Returns

Gentofte Public Library

Gentofte Book Stacks

Gentofte RFID-checkout

Gentofte Return

Automated Sorting

Stockholm public library sorting system

Stockholm Public Return

Stockholm Public Book Return

UNLV Staff RFID Station

UNLV RFID Wands

UNLF Automated storage

UNLV Automated Storage Barcode

Basics Tag the Collection Self-Check Automated materials handling of returns Anti-theft � RFID for both circulation and security � Hybrid systems use electro-magnetic strips for security

Manufacturing library RFID Tags PV Supa / Icon. Print Copenhagen, Denmark

Finished RFID Tags

RFID chip

RFID vs Barcodes Both uniquely identify materials in library collection Lifespan of barcode: forever Lifespan of RFID tags � Active: 10 years � Passive: much longer Self-service and AMH work with either barcodes or RFID tags � Additional capabilities through RFID

Major companies 3 M Bibliotheca RFID Check. Point PV Supa VTLS Tech Logic Integrated Technology Group Intellident

Relevant Standards and Protocols Connections with ILS SIP 2 � Standard Interchange Protocol, Version 2 NCIP � NISO Circulation Interchange Protocol

SIP Version 3? 3 m Announced in March 2010 that it would lead an initiative to develop a new version of SIP

RFID vs Barcodes All automation functions work with multiple collection identifying mechanisms – Barcode and RFID Additional features and efficiencies possible with RIFD Very high volume Multi-item checkouts

Beyond inventory control 2 CCQR – Major UK RFID Vendor � Wundarwall – intelligent display system for promoting library materials � Automatically generates dynamic presentation of enhanced content for each item placed on the display shelves

2 CCQR Wundarwall

Intellident smart. Blade Smart shelves that automatically detect items out of place or missing Help users by showing exact location of a needed item Implemented by Biomedical Sciences Library in Cardiff University

Cost components for RFID Self-Check equipment Tags for each inventory item � Specialized tag products for DVD and other media products Personnel costs for tagging collections Integration modules for integrated library system

Automated Materials Handling Reduce manual labor involved in book returns Check in materials and process exception conditions � Overdue � Requests or holds Sorting systems – Get items ready for reshelving

Inventory Control Scan shelves to identify items out of place or missing Barcodes – touch each item RFID – sweep shelves with scanner

Short term vs Long Term Many libraries need help to reduce costs and meet demand in the short term Longer term concern for shifts toward e-books

Personnel impact RFID deployments can reduce personnel involvement in routine circulation functions Capital investment in equipment vs ongoing personnel costs Reduce repetitive motion injuries Decrease personnel to recoup equipment costs Redeploy personnel to gain added value with customers Example: Genofte library in Denmark

Stability of RFID Technologies will change over time Generational changes expected Standards help ensure compatibility

Academic vs Public RFID appropriate for collections with higher turnover Phase in tags for initial deployment and subsequent transitions Difficult match for large collections with limited circulation and limited turnover

Privacy and security Concern that non-library RFID equipment can be used to violate library patron privacy Do not encode bibliographic information on tags: only unique identifiers neutral to content

Standards Physical tag characteristics � High Frequency: 13. 56 MHz Data models for encoding tags

Why the need for an RFID data standard Avoids vendor lock-in and obsolescence Allows tags to be used in multi-library resource sharing � Consortium – regional – national

RFID in the United Kingdom Struggle with standards Selection of variable-length data model � ISO 28560 -2 RFID Alliance � 3 M, 2 CQR, Axiell, Bibliotheca, DTech, Intellident, and Plescon Security Products Controversies regarding compliance

ISO 28560 – 3 -part International Standard for RFID in Libraries � Part 1 – Specifies general model and data elements, security and privacy guidelines, physical characteristics and placement on materials � Part 2 – data model and encoding rules with variablelength encoding The encoding rules also enable the optional data to be organized on the RFID tag in any sequence. In addition, the encoding rules provide for flexible encoding of variable length and variable format data. � Part 3 – data model and encoding rules with fixed- length encoding ISO 28560 -3: 2011 specifies the rules for encoding a subset of data elements taken from the total set of data elements listed in ISO 28560 -1 into a basic block, and other data elements into extension blocks onto the RFID tag.

Convergent Software ISO 28560 -2 Planning and Modeling software � select and arrange data elements and encoding these on a simulated tag ISO 28560 -2 Quality Control software � fully compliant decoder with the additional function of diagnostic software that identifies encoding errors ISO 28560 -2 Comprehensive software � combines the functionality of the planning software and the quality control software products with our Data Editor tool

Conformity with Standards Look for vendors to make announcements regarding plans to produce and offer retrospective support for standards Challenge for libraries that have already made investments in pre-standard products Reprogram Tags? Re-tag collections?

Current issue: 3 M vs. Envision. Ware 3 M and 3 M Innovative Properties Co. filed a patent infringement lawsuit in federal district court for the District of Minnesota today against Envision. Ware Inc. seeking injunctive relief and damages for infringement. The suit alleges that Envision. Ware’s sale of library systems, including self-service circulation systems and handheld RFID library systems, constitutes infringement of 3 M’s patents. � June 23, 2009 � Case: 0: 09 -cv-01594 -ADM-FLN

The Shrinking LMS The Library Management System no longer stands as the single library automation product that provides comprehensive support for all aspects of library operations. Many libraries putting much less emphasis on LMS Manages workflows related to physical materials Investments in electronic content increasing Management of e-content handled outside of the ILS

…shrinking LMS Yet: libraries need comprehensive business automation more than ever. Mandate for more efficient operations. Do more with less. Proliferation of automation products needed to handle all aspects of libraries can overwhelm many libraries Libraries lack technical personnel and needed capital to purchase and manage multiple systems

Legacy LMS Model Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores Circulation BIB Cataloging Holding / Items Acquisitions Circ Transact User Serials Vendor Online Catalog $$$ Funds Policies

Legacy ILS Model / API Public Interfaces: Staff Interfaces: Interfaces Application Programming Interfaces Business ` Logic Data Stores Circulation BIB Cataloging Holding / Items Acquisitions Circ Transact User Serials Vendor Online Catalog $$$ Funds Policies

Legacy ILS Model / protocol Staff Interfaces: Interlibrar y Loan System Public Interfaces: Protocols: SIP 2 NCIP Z 39. 50 OAIPMH Application Programming Interfaces Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions BIB Holding Circ User / Items Transact Serials Vendor Online Catalog $$$ Funds Self. Check Policies

Legacy ILS Model / External API Staff Interfaces: External Systems & Services Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces / Web Services Circulation Cataloging Acquisitions Serials Online Catalog Flexible Interoperability Protocols: SIP 2 NCIP Z 39. 50 OAIPMH BIB Holding Circ User / Items Transact Vendor $$$ Funds Policies

New Library Management Model Search: Library Management System Search Engine API Layer ` Stock Managemen t Pro. Que st EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resourc es Enterprise Resource Planning Learning Managemen t Digital Coll Consolidated index Self-Check / Automated Return Discovery Service Smart Cad / Payment systems Authenticati on Service

ILS as Middleware Integrated library system provides strategic core of automation Less involved with end-user contact � Discovery for Web-based collection discovery and user services � Self-service stations for loans and returns � Smart-card and payment systems

RFID & LMS Can RFID deliver value beyond self-check and AMH? Need enhanced interoperability models Leverage existing standards and API’s in the same way that the ILS-DI protocols provided needed support to connect LMS and Discovery products Provide comprehensive automation model that helps libraries improve service and increase value to their communities

NISO Resources RFID in Libraries (Dec 2007) � http: //www. niso. org/publications/rp/RP-6 -2008. pdf

Opportunity for additional in-depth information NISO Two-Part Webinar: RFID Systems in Libraries PART I: RFID Systems in Libraries: An Introduction http: //www. niso. org/news/events/2011/nisowebina rs/rfidpartone/ April 13, 2011 PART II: Standards for RFID Systems in Libraries April 20, 2011

Resources and Experts RFID Blog (UK oriented) � http: //www. libraryrfid. co. uk/ � Created by Mick Fortune

Questions and discussion