REVOLUTIONARY WAR MISS TIMBERLAKE 4 TH GRADE LESSON

REVOLUTIONARY WAR MISS TIMBERLAKE 4 TH GRADE

LESSON RESOURCES: • http: //www. coreknowledge. org/mimik_uploads/lesson_plans/113/Through%20 O ur%20 Fathers%20 Eyes%20%20 Using%20 Art%20 and%20 Primary%20 Sources%20 to %20 Explore%20 Causes%20 of%20 the%20 American%20 Revolution. pdf

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS

LEARNING OBJECTIVE • You will be able to explain major political and economic factors leading to the American Revolution, including the French and Indian War, the Stamp Act, the Tea Act, and Intolerable Acts as well as American resistance to these acts through boycotts, petitions, and congresses.

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC REASONS FOR THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR POLITICAL ECONOMIC • Does the Parliament of the colonial assemblies have the right to impose taxes? • The need for taxes after the French and Indian War • The power of the colonists to boycott British goods and force British merchants to appeal to Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act

North America in 1750 IMAGES 1 & 2 North America in 1763 STUDY THE TWO M APS. MAKE OBSERV ATIONS IN Y OUR NO TEBO O K. HOW A RE THEY ALIKE A ND DIFFE RENT?

THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR • As we know, the French and Indian War was fought between the British and the French over land in the Ohio River Valley. • Remember? Both the French and the British claimed this land • Land = Power!!!! • The British won the war but at a HUGE cost! • The British now had a large debt (money that they owe) • https: //www. brainpop. com/socialstudies/ushistory/frenchandindianwar/

THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR Somebody Wanted But So

THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR • The British decided that the debt should be paid in American taxes. • The British thought this because they fought for the American’s land • This changed the way the British government worked. • In the past, the British government ignore what was happening in the colonies and allowed the colonies to set their own rules and taxes.

THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR • The taxes drastically changed the relationship between the colonies and the British. • Colonies believed it was the right of their colonial assemblies to impose taxes, NOT the right of the King or Parliament • The colonial assemblies resisted the new policies through protests and boycotts of British goods

THE STAMP ACT • The stamp act was a tax on all papers (for example, legal documents and newspapers) • This meant they had to pay more money for these types of goods

PRIMARY DOCUMENT Make some observations about what you see. What you think is happening? Why? Read, “The Death Head Stamp”, pp. 8 -9 from Liberty Q: What were the colonists’ reactions?

COLONISTS’ REACTIONS TO THE STAMP ACT • Colonists were very unhappy with the Stamp Act! • They would cry “no taxation without representation!” • What did that mean? ! – They wanted a colonial representative in Parliament in order to represent what the colonists wanted. – Except… they didn’t really want a representative because they know the representative would be outvoted. • Colonists organized a “Stamp Act Congress” – They sent a petition to the King and boycotted British goods – This led to the repeal of the Stamp Act • They also created the “Sons and Daughters of Liberty”

THE TEA ACT • This act was NOT a tax • This act made it so the Americans could ONLY buy tea from the British East India Company. • When you can only buy a good from one company it is called a monopoly. • The Sons of Liberty wanted to boycott the purchase of tea because it was British good • However, the Sons of Liberty were worried that people would still buy the tea since it was inexpensive

THE BOSTON TEA PARTY • In Boston colonials boarded a British ship and through tea overboard • They were led by John Adams – Video of John Adams: http: //mrnussbaum. com/presidents/john%20 adams/ • These actions led Parliament to pass the “Intolerable Acts”

BOSTON TEA PARTY

BOSTON TEA PARTY • http: //www. history. com/topics/american-revolutionhistory/videos/the-sons-of-liberty-and-the-boston-tea-party#the-sons-of-liberty-and-theboston-tea-party • Eyewitness account of the Boston Tea Party: https: //www. varsitytutors. com/earlyamerica/early-america-review/volume-1/eyewitnessaccount-boston-tea-party

THE INTOLERABLE ACTS • The Intolerable Acts closed the Boston Harbor and took away the right of the colony of Massachusetts to govern itself • Originally the British called these the Coercive Acts because they were trying to coerce, or force, the colonists to pay for the dumped tea and recognized the right of Parliament to make taxes for the colonies.

COLONISTS’ RESPONSES TO THE INTOLERABLE ACTS • Colonists created Committees of Correspondence to communicate their situations to each other. • They sent their committees to “The First Continental Congress” • The Continental Congress established a boycott on all trade with the British and told Americans to arm themselves. • This led to the battle of Lexington and Concord which started the Revolutionary War.

CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION • https: //www. brainpop. com/socialstudies/ushistory/causesoftheamericanrevolution/

CULMINATING NOTEBOOK ACTIVITY ON CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION • Draw a graphic that represents the causes of the Revolutionary War • Example:

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

LEARNING OBJECTIVE • You will be able to explain the significance of major ideas and philosophies of government reflected in the Declaration of Independence.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE JULY 4, 1776 Four Major Ideas of the Declaration of Independence 1. “All men are created equal” 1. African Americans and women were not created equal 2. “…they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. ” 1. Rights are not given by the government, but rather people are born with their rights 3. “To secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. ” 1. The purpose of government is to protect the people 4. “Whenever any form of governments becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or abolish it. ” 1. If the government does not protect the rights of people, then the people can change it.

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE CONT. • The Declaration of Independence also includes a list of grievances against King George III to show why we had to abolish the English government and start our own. • The Declaration ends with a formal statement saying America is independent of England.

VIDEO

REVOLUTIONARY WAR BATTLES

LEARNING OBJECTIVE • You will be able to summarize the importance of the key battles of the Revolutionary War and the reasons for the American victories including Lexington and Concord, Bunker (Breed’s) Hill, Charleston, Saratoga, Cowpens, and Yorktown.

IMPORTANT VOCABULARY • Continental Army—the Patriot Army • Redcoats—the British Army • Partisans—regular citizens

VIDEO: • https: //www. brainpop. com/socialstudies/ushistory/americanrevolution/

BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD APRIL 19, 1775 • British soldiers left Boston and headed to Lexington to collect weapons stored there by John Hancock and Samuel Adams. • Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Samuel Prescott warned colonists the British were on the way. • British soldiers defeated minutemen in Lexington but the ammunition stores were well hidden and the leaders of the rebellion escaped. • Militiamen in Concord were joined by many, many minutemen and they defeated the British soldiers! http: //static. newworldencyclopedia. org/thumb/0/06/Battle_of_Lexington_Detail. jpg/500 px-Battle_of_Lexington_Detail. jpg

BATTLE OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD VIDEO Liberty Kids: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ff. SIHXtyie. E “The Shot Heard Around the World”: https: //www. varsitytutors. com/earlyamerica/videos/shot-heard-round-world

BATTLE OF BUNKER HILL JUNE 17, 1775 • British soldiers slept off the Boston shore while Continental forces built a fort up on a hill. • When the British awoke, they charged up the hill but retreated after they encountered heavy Continental fire. • This happened once more but upon the third charge, the Continentals were out of ammunition • The untrained Americans had to surrender but they did kill a large number of British Importance: 1. Proved Americans could stand up to the British 2. Americans would need allies to supply ammo Video: http: //www. history. com/topics/americanrevolution/battle-of-bunker-hill Liberty`s Kids: #09 "Bunker Hill" (1/2) - You. Tube Liberty`s Kids: #09 "Bunker Hill" (2/2) - You. Tube

BATTLE OF SARATOGA OCTOBER 7, 1777 • This battle was a TURNING POINT in the war! • The Americans defeated the British! • Because of the victory, French, Spanish, and Dutch colonists became American allies! Importance: 1. The alliance with the French, Spanish and Dutch provided help through ships, soldiers, supplies, and financial help. (Remember; we learned from the Battle of Bunker Hill that we needed that) www. art. com http: //www. history. com/topics/americanrevolution/videos#battle-of-saratoga-turns-the-tide-of-theamerican-revolution http: //player. discoveryeducation. com/index. cfm? guid. Asset Id=297920 ec-331 c-4896 -af 23 e 7 e 041779 ae 8&productcode=HUB&CFID=805574&CFTO KEN=89043758

TURNING POINT WRITING

BATTLES IN CHARLESTON • The first time the British attacked Charleston they were unsuccessful because of the resistance at Fort Moultrie • But, the British were successful the 2 nd time around • Charleston was attacked by the British blockading Charleston Harbor and didn’t allow supplies to come in or out • Soon the Patriots were fighting against the British and loyalists using hit and run tactics. Video: http: //player. discoveryeducation. com/inde x. cfm? guid. Asset. Id=F 7 C 22 B 7 A-0864 -4373 B 9 F 9 F 505 F 736 A 75 C&bln. From. Search=1&produ ctcode=US

COWPENS • The partisan forces attacked the British but then tricked them by retreating • The British thought the Americans were retreating, but really the Continental Army was waiting for them. • The Americans won and the British had to go northward to Virginia Importance: 1. Showed the cooperation between the Continental Army and the irregular partisan forces

YORKTOWN SEPTEMBER 28, 1781 • The French Navy helped George Washington and his army blockade the harbor (just like the British blockaded Charleston Harbor) • The blockade prevented British ships from entering the harbor and therefore wouldn’t allow the British to escape the Americans on land • The British were stuck—so they surrendered • A peace treaty was negociated by Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jay. It was called the Treaty of Paris Importance: 1. Ends the war! Video: http: //player. discoveryeducation. com/index. cfm? guid. Asset. Id=349 ba 654 -469 b-4 ee 6 -897 a 796 fe 47 c 0 c 4 e&productcode=HUB&CFID=805574& CFTOKEN=89043758

NOTEBOOK ACTIVITY

SLAVERY, WOMEN, AND NATIVE AMERICANS

LEARNING OBJECTIVE • You will be able to explain how the American Revolution affected attitudes toward slavery, women, and Native Americans.

AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE WAR • Both free and enslaved African Americans fought on both sides during the war • Some enslaved African Americans were promised that at the end of the war they would become free. • Unfortunately, many of these promises were not kept.

EMANCIPATION OF SLAVES According to the Declaration of Independence “all men are created equal. ” IN THE NORTH IN THE SOUTH • States in the North freed their slaves • Southerner landowners depended on their slaves to work on their plantations • They were not as dependent on slave labor as the South • Southerners were scared if they freed the African Americans then they would outnumber them so they made strict slave codes • The invention of the cotton gin made Southerners even more dependent on slave labor in order to make money.

WOMEN • Women were expected to work the farms or run family businesses during the war. • The took care of their children and farms since their husbands were gone • Some women were nurses or cooks in the army • Some women even pretended to be men so they could fight in the war! • Martha Washington and Mary Ludwig Hayes served alongside their husbands • Despite their important contributions, women were not allowed to vote nor have a say in government after the war.

WOMEN IN THE MILITARY

WOMEN IN THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

NATIVE AMERICANS • The end of the French and Indian War was bad for the Native Americans because they lost their French allies • Native Americans were pushed west of the Appalachian Mountains • The Land Ordinance of 1785 pushed the Native Americans farther and farther west.

KEY FIGURES MINI-RESEARCH PROJECT

REVOLUTIONARY WAR FIGURES – FACT RESEARCH WEBSITES • http: //theamericanrevolution. org/people. aspx • http: //www. revolutionary-war. net/famous-americans. html • http: //www. historycentral. com/Bio/Revolt. BIOS/INDEX. html • http: //www. theamericanrevolution. org/peopledetails. aspx • http: //mrnussbaum. com/ampeople/ • http: //www. americanrevolution. org/ind 1. html • http: //www. myblackhistory. net/Revolutionary_War. htm • http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/african-americans-in-the-american-revolution. html