REVOLUTIONARY WAR From the French and Indian War

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REVOLUTIONARY WAR From the French and Indian War to the Treaty of Paris

REVOLUTIONARY WAR From the French and Indian War to the Treaty of Paris

REVIEW FROM UNIT 1 MERCANTILISM: 17 th century; colonies provide raw materials for growth

REVIEW FROM UNIT 1 MERCANTILISM: 17 th century; colonies provide raw materials for growth of the mother country. Navigation Acts (1650 -1673): New rules for English-controlled trade BRAINSTORM: what could be some positive impacts? Negative impacts?

NAV ACT EXAMPLES No country can trade with the colonies unless the goods are

NAV ACT EXAMPLES No country can trade with the colonies unless the goods are shipped in colonial or English ships All vessels have to be operated by crews that are ¾ Englishmen or colonial men Colonies must export enumerated (raw) goods to England only All goods traded between colonies and Europe must first pass through an English Port

17 -18 TH CENTURY SELF-DETERMINISM KING OF ENGLAND GOVERNOR: appointed by King Power to

17 -18 TH CENTURY SELF-DETERMINISM KING OF ENGLAND GOVERNOR: appointed by King Power to disband the assembly, appoint/dismiss judges, and oversee all colonial trade. ADVISORY COUNCIL: appointed by Governor LOCAL ASSEMBLY: elected by eligible colonists (landowning white males)

COLONIES: 1700 S-1750 S Enlightenment brings new ideas § Ben Franklin: Albany Plan of

COLONIES: 1700 S-1750 S Enlightenment brings new ideas § Ben Franklin: Albany Plan of Union § Great Awakening: literacy up, freedom of interpretation § Early Tensions: Bacon’s Rebellion 1676, MA charter revoked 1684

NEW RULES 1685: King James II comes to power in England § Terrible Ruler

NEW RULES 1685: King James II comes to power in England § Terrible Ruler § Glorious Revolution 1688 ushers in salutary neglect (relaxed enforcement) in the colonies § BRAINSTORM: Impact of salutary neglect? § Self-determination

SALUTARY NEGLECT Salutary Neglect fixes problems temporarily § Colonists still loyal 1750 s: Attention

SALUTARY NEGLECT Salutary Neglect fixes problems temporarily § Colonists still loyal 1750 s: Attention turns to rival: France Assignment: Using Chapter 3 Section 4, answer the questions and fill in the graphic organizer.

START OF TENSIONS French and Indian War

START OF TENSIONS French and Indian War

COLONIZED UNITED STATES

COLONIZED UNITED STATES

BACKGROUND Biggest European Rivals: France v Britain 1689 series of wars start in Europe

BACKGROUND Biggest European Rivals: France v Britain 1689 series of wars start in Europe In America: Britain wants Ohio River Valley Fertile, access to H 2 O, trade Colonists eager to expand west

FRENCH AMERICAN EMPIRE Jacques Cartier explores in 16 th Cent. Establish Quebec in Canada

FRENCH AMERICAN EMPIRE Jacques Cartier explores in 16 th Cent. Establish Quebec in Canada & Louisiana in U. S. 70, 000 inhabitants Fur trading, Catholicism Friendly relations with the Native Americans

TENSIONS ERUPT 1754: France grant territory, Britain grants same territory. Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh) May:

TENSIONS ERUPT 1754: France grant territory, Britain grants same territory. Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh) May: Virginia general (guess who!) sends militia § 1 st skirmish-colonists lose Beginning of French and Indian War

What do you see? What does it mean? “Join or Die” by Benjamin Franklin,

What do you see? What does it mean? “Join or Die” by Benjamin Franklin, Pennsylvania Gazette (Philadelphia, PA), May 9, 1754

EARLY FRENCH VICTORIES British declare war after 2 nd group of troops loses Bitter

EARLY FRENCH VICTORIES British declare war after 2 nd group of troops loses Bitter defeat in beginning French/Indians burn and pillage settlements Get 60 miles within Philly

TURNING POINT 1757 PM William Pitt takes over command § Gets $$, supplies, and

TURNING POINT 1757 PM William Pitt takes over command § Gets $$, supplies, and recruitment from locals Promised to reimburse Americans for their help Replaced old war heroes with new ones

BRITISH VICTORIES Brits capture Louisburg-access to St. Lawrence River 1759 Take Quebec 1760 Capture

BRITISH VICTORIES Brits capture Louisburg-access to St. Lawrence River 1759 Take Quebec 1760 Capture Montreal World View: India, Prussia Treaty of Paris 1763 ends the war

IMPACT OF THE WAR

IMPACT OF THE WAR

TREATY OF PARIS 1763 Eliminates France as a colonial power in North America France

TREATY OF PARIS 1763 Eliminates France as a colonial power in North America France cedes § To Spain: all French territory west of Mississippi River plus New Orleans Port § To Britain: Canada and all French territory east of the Miss. River

IMPACT OF WAR Colonists want to move past Appalachian Mtns Native Americans fear the

IMPACT OF WAR Colonists want to move past Appalachian Mtns Native Americans fear the growing British Pontiac’s Rebellion British troops

TENSIONS GROW Proclamation of 1763: British ban all settlements west of the App. Mtns

TENSIONS GROW Proclamation of 1763: British ban all settlements west of the App. Mtns How to enforce? Who owns the area? Impact of this decision?

EFFECTS OF WINNING THE WAR Colonists: Gained selfconfidence & Military experience Saw the need

EFFECTS OF WINNING THE WAR Colonists: Gained selfconfidence & Military experience Saw the need for unification (Franklin) Threat of French/Indian attacks gone; dependence on Britain lessened War in colonies is for British gain, not colonists’ gain British: Determined to change policy of salutary neglect Colonies had not sufficiently helped Gained much land from the victory in Britain’s name Fought the war to protect colonies; they should help pay for the war

REVIEW QUIZ 1. Who was fighting the war? (4 sides) 2. What area was

REVIEW QUIZ 1. Who was fighting the war? (4 sides) 2. What area was being fought over? 3. Who was winning in the beginning? What was the turning point of the war? 4. What was the outcome of the war (who won, who lost, settlement terms)? 5. How did the war impact the participating groups? (4 sides)

POST WAR: NEW BRITISH POLICY 1. Place the colonies under strict British political and

POST WAR: NEW BRITISH POLICY 1. Place the colonies under strict British political and economic control. 2. Compel colonies to respect English law 3. Make the colonies bear their part of the cost of maintaining the British Empire If you were Britain, how would you do this?

YOU DECIDE! The French and Indian War has ended. England is happy with the

YOU DECIDE! The French and Indian War has ended. England is happy with the outcome, but struggling to remain supreme due to national war debt. Prime Minister George Grenville needs help. As advisors to him, you must discuss the best way to reduce this debt. Abroad, Mercantilist policies have been enforced and the Writs of Assistance has been enacted. IT IS NOT ENOUGH. Using the alternatives provided and your magnificent brains, advise the Prime Minister of the best policy to get out of debt. But beware! There are consequences to every action…

THINGS TO CONSIDER England at home: unstable, fighting France, shaky gov’t Colonies: used to

THINGS TO CONSIDER England at home: unstable, fighting France, shaky gov’t Colonies: used to salutary neglect England pays higher taxes: colonists 20% richer, pay only ¼ of the taxes England pays Other empires to consider: Spain Proclamation Line: colonists cannot cross/settle new land (also consider natives) Enforcement: how to pay for it? Nav Acts?

READING ASSIGNMENT Homework: Read “Revolution is Brewing: Mercantilism, Navigation Acts, and the Colonies” posted

READING ASSIGNMENT Homework: Read “Revolution is Brewing: Mercantilism, Navigation Acts, and the Colonies” posted on my website. Answer the questions to the reading and bring into class for discussion. THOUGHTS TO KEEP IN MIND: § What was the purpose of the colonies? § What policies had been enacted since the colonies developed? § Who owns the colonies? Who provides for the colonies?