Revolution Brings Reform and Terror The Assembly Reforms

Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

The Assembly Reforms France Old Regime (3 estate system) was dead Equals The Rights of Man National Assembly adopted the Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen “men are born and remain free and equal in rights” “liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression”

A State-Controlled Church Assembly took over Church lands Declared that Church officials and priests were to be elected and paid as officials Catholic Church lost both its lands and political independence

Louis tries to Escape Louis pondered his fate as a monarch France unsafe? June 1791 royal family tried to escape and go to the Austrian Netherlands Captured and sent back to Paris under guard

Limited Monarchy September 1791 – New Constitution Louis approved Limited Constitutional Monarchy Legislative Assembly – power to create laws King – executive powers to enforce laws

Legislative Assembly Radicals – opposed the idea of a monarchy and wanted sweeping changes in the way government was ran Moderates – wanted some changes in gov’t but not as many as Radicals Conservatives – upheld idea of a limited monarchy

Terms to know: Emigres – nobles and others who fled France and wished for the Old Regime to be restored Sans-culottes – wanted greater change, workers and small shopkeepers “those without knew breeches”

War and Execution Austria and Prussia urged France to restore Louis as an absolute monarch Legislative Assembly declared war in April 1792

France at War Began badly for the French Prussia was entering Paris – threatened a take over French troops stormed Tuileries and imprisoned Louis, Maris and their children

Under pressure from Radicals the Legislative Assembly set aside the Constitution Declared King deposed, dissolved the assembly, and called for the election of a new legislature

Guilty or Not Guilty?

GUILTY!

Marie on her way to the Guillotine

New Government National Took Convention office September 21, 1791 Abolished the monarchy France = Republic Adult male citizens held office and were granted the right to vote

Jacobins Take Control Radical Political Organization – Jacobins Jean-Paul Marat King =common citizen and prisoner Convention found him guilty Sentenced to Death

War Continues Austria and Prussia against France against – GB, Holland, Spain Too many enemies – calls for a draft

Robespierre Assumes Control Jacobin leader Maximilien Robespierre Slowly gained power “republic of virtue” Get rid of the past

Committee of Public Safety Dictator Reign of Terror Death sentences National Convention turns – Revolts Executed in 1794

Third New Government Directory Upper middle class men Two-house legislature and an executive body of five men Picked Napoleon Bonaparte to command armies