REVOLTS IN LATIN AMERICA Chapter 20 Section 3

REVOLTS IN LATIN AMERICA Chapter 20, Section 3

Social and Ethnic Structures Cause Resentment • Peninsulares – Members of the highest social class. Dominated Latin American political and social life • Creoles – Second-class citizens. Group that causes many revolutions to be successful • Mestizos – People of Native American and European s • Mulattoes – African and European descent. Peons/slaves

Sparking Revolution • Enlightenment inspires Latin Americans • Simon Bolivar was a creole who was inspired by the French Revolution • Napoleon invades Spain which sparks revolution in Latin America • Latin American leaders saw this as a sign of Spain’s weakness Simon Bolivar

Slaves Win Freedom for Haiti • In 1791 a slave revolt begins, and is led by a slave named Toussaint L’Ouverture • In 1802 Napoleon Bonaparte sent a large army to reconquer the island • Toussaint was captured and died in 1803 • 1804 Haiti declares itself Independence • 1820 Haiti becomes a republic Toussaint L’Ouverture

Mexico and Central America Revolt • Father Miguel Hidalgo and Father Jose Morelos both tried to start revolts but both failed and were killed • Agustin de Iturbide toppled the Spanish viceroy and was about tried to setup a. Father Miguel Hidalgo monarchy Father Jose Morelos • Agustin was eventually Agustin de Iturbide overthrown and liberals setup the Republic of Mexico

Revolution Ignites South America • Simon Bolivar launched a campaign that liberated Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Venezuela. • Jose de San Martin was a military leader who helped Bolivar liberate Argentina, Chile, and Peru • Dom Pedro, heir to the throne of Portugal, who became the king of Brazil Jose de San Martin Dom Pedro

Monroe Doctrine • “Intervention by any European nation in the western hemisphere will be considered an act of war by the United States. ” – James Monroe • Threatened war against any European nation that interfered affairs of western hemisphere • US had the smallest army in the world, and was backed by England • England agreed with the Monroe doctrine to open up trading

Exit Slip 1. How did the social structure contribute to discontent in Latin America? 2. Who were the key revolutionaries that led the movements for independence in Latin America, and what were their accomplishments?