Revolts in England Charles I Oliver Cromwell English

Revolts in England Charles I Oliver Cromwell English Civil War & Glorious Revolution

Absolute Monarchy King rule with no check to power Often felt ruled by “divine right” Decisions were final without debate Louis XIV French Absolute Monarch

Magna Carta (1215) • What: - contract signed between English nobles & King of England (in 1215) • Importance: Established principles which limited the power of the King. – Eventually led to the establishment of British Parliament • Comprised of 63 clauses including: – establishing basic legal rights – King must ask for popular consent for taxes

England’s Limited Monarchy (after Magna Carta) Limited Monarchy King rule with checks & balances to power KING Parliament English Kings still resisted sharing power!

Conflict in England • Elizabeth I dies 1603 – Frequent problems with Parliament – Left financial problems • James I assumes throne – felt he had absolute power “Kings are justly called Gods, for that…. they exercise a manner…of a divine power upon earth” James I

England 1625 -1628 1625 James I dies, Charles I assumes throne Parliament was responsible for allocating money Several times Charles I dissolved Parliament 1628 -Forced to accept Petition of Right

Petition of Right [1628] • What: new law which further limited King’s power to tax, imprison, etc… • Importance: Charles I ignores new law – 1629 -1642 England falls into conflict over the power of the King versus Parliament My power is absolute!

English Civil War (1642 -49) • Charles I fights to maintain absolute power • Oliver Cromwell emerges as powerful general to fight against King • Charles I brought to trial for treason Oliver Cromwell – Executed after trial – Cromwell assumes power Kings had Never been executed before

Oliver Cromwell • • Puritan Leader who rules England 1649 -1658 Attempted to impose “Puritan” morals on England Grew increasingly unhappy with Parliament Eventually ruled as military dictator • He was replaced by Charles II after his death in 1658 What is ironic about his rule?

Puritan Revolution Video

The Road of Enlightened Ideas Charles II rules after Cromwell’s death in 1658 His rule is known as the Restoration Habeas Corpus is passed

Habeas Corpus 1679 • Prisoner had the right to be reviewed before a Judge • Judges decide whether a prisoner should stand trial • The King could not just put someone in jail

Glorious Revolution (1688) James II replaces Charles II William & Mary “overthrow” James II Considered a “bloodless” revolution Importance: England adopts: Bill of Rights & Constitutional Monarchy

Bill of Rights 1689 • No suspending of Parliaments laws • No levying of taxes without Parliament approval • No interfering with freedom of speech • No penalty for protesting a king about grievances

England becomes a Constitutional Monarchy (1689) • After 1689 - no monarch could rule without parliament consent • Foundation for the current Government of England! • Cabinet developed—leader of cabinet became known as Prime Minister

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