REVISION Tropical Rainforest Case Study Papua New Guinea

REVISION Tropical Rainforest Case Study Papua New Guinea

What do these words mean? Exploitation Sustainable Development Conservation

Key Terms § Exploitation - environment is used in a way that it will be of no use to future generations § Sustainable development - development of an area in a way that will help preserve it for future use § - Conservation managing the environment in a way to protect it from change

Introduction § Where is the case study? § What kind of ecosystem exists in Papua New Guinea? § Provide information on the population

Introduction § Where: Eastern half of New Guinea and surrounding islands, SE of Asia, NW of Australia § What: Consists of rainforest (3 rd largest area in world) & coral reefs Rich ecosystem (9000 species plant, 250 species of mammal, 700 species of bird) 4 National Parks including ‘Mc. Adam’ § Who: Population: 4. 5 M, many living in rainforests farming for themselves. Difficult to provide services to people; 70%literacy rate but lower in remote area, 12, 500 people to a doctor

Exploitation § Government plans exists attempting to legalise logging. § The rainforest has been mapped and areas sold to TNC’s for logging § Land owners are not consulted and made to agree for little money in return § Landowners get 10 kina per m 3 § Loggers sell at 160 kina per m 3

Exploitation § Give examples of exploitation in Papua New Guinea. Be specific- where are we talking about?

Aitape § Government organised logging of 5, 000 hectares, 85% owned by companies, 15% by locals. § To be cleared to grow palm oil but this needs fertile soils and nutrients are lost after felling. § A drop in the hardwood markets resulted in the project stopping after clearance of 1, 000 hectares. § What are the problems with this? ? ?

Sissano Lagoon § Area with high priority for marine bio-diversity & prawn fishing. § A very fragile coral reef ecosystem. § In 1996, Lou Oil Palm Project planned for area. This involved moving the Sissano community inland. § Forests were lost which in turn altered sediment levels which disturbed and killed off coral reef.

Sustainable Development § Many countries have given aid to Papua New Guinea to help them to sustainably develop the rainforest.

Examples of sustainable development § Outline what happened at Kikori Basin. § Explain about the Collingwood Bay Community Land Care Project.

Kikori Basin § Chevron Inc discovered oil here in 1990’s and a pipeline was built to export oil. § Partnership between Chevron and Kutubu Joint Venture Project exists to work with locals to allow them to use resources e. g. sale of butterflies, fish farming to managing conserved areas. § Training for locals is provided. As a result 10, 000 villagers lives and environment has improved.

Collingwood Bay § To protect nature and cultural heritage. § To help Masin locals plan for sustainable development through ecotourism. § Development of cottage industries – Greenpeace has helped with the selling of Tapa cloth in the USA. § Production is kept small-scale.

Tapa Cloth

Examples of Conservation Crater Mountain

Eco-lodges

Conservation § Ecotourism has been introduced to help conserve Crater Mountain. § Crater Mountain is an area filled with various species of wildlife but also threatened by logging, mining and oil drilling. § The area was declared a Wildlife Management area to encourage the government not to permit destruction of the area. § They have now set up eco-lodges built for visitors to experience a nature-based holiday and local people were used as guides. § Literacy levels amongst guides were a problem.

Conflicts between groups of people involved § What do you think the main conflicts were? § What would the TNC’s opinions be? § What would the local tribes people’s opinions be?

Typical Questions § With reference to an area you have studied explain how exploitation affects the tropical rainforest [6] § Explain what is meant by the term ‘sustainable development’ [2]. With reference to an area you have studied describe sustainable projects put in place and how they affected the local area and people [6]

LEARN IT!! Remember to be specific! You should have all of these notes already but see the school website if you are missing anything. Classrooms>Geography>GCSE Revision