REVISED JUDGING CRITERION UNDERSTANDING LIVELIHOODS REVISED JUDGING CRITERION

REVISED JUDGING CRITERION: UNDERSTANDING LIVELIHOODS

REVISED JUDGING CRITERION Which Enactus team most effectively used entrepreneurial action to empower people to improve their livelihoods in an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable way?

ENACTUS PROJECT PROCESS SEE OPPORTUNITY Livelihood Assets TAKE ACTION Livelihood Strategies ENABLE PROGRESS Livelihood Outcomes

WHAT ARE LIVELIHOODS? A livelihood is the means and activities involved in sustaining an individual’s life Livelihoods are fueled by livelihood assets

UNDERSTANDING LIVELIHOOD ASSETS Every individual and community has access to at least one form of livelihood asset Livelihood assets are the capital involved in obtaining desired outcomes

ENACTUS PROJECT PROCESS SEE OPPORTUNITY Livelihood Assets TAKE ACTION Livelihood Strategies ENABLE PROGRESS Livelihood Outcomes

ASSET CATEGORIES SOCIAL FINANCIAL § Employment § Income § Stocks, savings, etc. § Access to financial services NATURAL PHYSICAL HUMAN

ASSET CATEGORIES FINANCIAL § Natural resources – air, water, etc. § Waste management § Biodiversity NATURAL SOCIAL PHYSICAL HUMAN

ASSET CATEGORIES SOCIAL FINANCIAL NATURAL § § Community Networking Relationships Trust PHYSICAL HUMAN

ASSET CATEGORIES SOCIAL FINANCIAL NATURAL § § Skills Knowledge Ability Education HUMAN PHYSICAL

ASSET CATEGORIES SOCIAL FINANCIAL NATURAL PHYSICAL HUMAN § § Infrastructure Shelter Transportation Access to consumer goods § Clean energy

ENACTUS PROJECT PROCESS SEE OPPORTUNITY Livelihood Assets TAKE ACTION Livelihood Strategies ENABLE PROGRESS Livelihood Outcomes

UNDERSTANDING LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES How do people use assets to obtain the outcomes they desire? Livelihood strategies are the choices people make and the activities they do to achieve their outcomes Livelihood assets are the capital used in the livelihood strategy

UNDERSTANDING LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES Investigate what people are already doing How can your team take a collaborative, entrepreneurial approach to improve existing (or help develop new) livelihood strategies? Livelihood strategies are where the key to empowerment lies

ENACTUS PROJECT PROCESS SEE OPPORTUNITY Livelihood Assets TAKE ACTION Livelihood Strategies ENABLE PROGRESS Livelihood Outcomes

UNDERSTANDING LIVELIHOOD OUTCOMES Outcomes categories match asset categories Desired outcomes must be identified by the target audience to ensure sustainability Achieving a desired livelihood outcome may positively or negatively affect assets

UNDERSTANDING LIVELIHOOD OUTCOMES Identifying relevant livelihood outcome categories helps your team determine the key metrics of the project Reporting outcomes must involve quantifiable metrics

OUTCOME CATEGORIES SOCIAL FINANCIAL § New job § Ability and means to save money § Becoming an entrepreneur § Increased income NATURAL PHYSICAL HUMAN

OUTCOME CATEGORIES FINANCIAL § Improved waste management § Increased biodiversity § Use of natural resources NATURAL SOCIAL PHYSICAL HUMAN

OUTCOME CATEGORIES SOCIAL FINANCIAL NATURAL § Increased trust from community members § Expansion of networks § Relationship building PHYSICAL HUMAN

OUTCOME CATEGORIES SOCIAL FINANCIAL NATURAL § Learning a new skill § Acquiring education § Professional development HUMAN PHYSICAL

OUTCOME CATEGORIES SOCIAL FINANCIAL NATURAL PHYSICAL HUMAN § Improved infrastructure § Access to shelter or transportation § New energy source

A NOTE ABOUT EMPOWERMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: Empowerment: People utilize the knowledge and skills they learned Not simply giving someone an asset or desired outcome, but empowering and teaching them strategies to obtain it themselves

A NOTE ABOUT EMPOWERMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: Sustainability: People continue to utilize the knowledge and skills they learned after the team leaves Buy-in from the target audience is crucial at all stages of the project – development, execution and follow-up

REVISED JUDGING CRITERION: CONDUCTING A NEEDS ASSESSMENT

WHAT IS A NEEDS ASSESSMENT? A needs assessment is a process for identifying the gaps between an individual or community’s current conditions and their desired outcomes

WHY DO I NEED TO PERFORM ONE? Understanding the larger context of your target audience leads to a more sustainable project Needs assessments empower target audience members by giving them a voice and a stake in their own outcome

BASIC NEEDS ASSESSMENT STEPS: 1. Determine the people you want to empower 2. Develop a plan for assessing livelihoods and desired outcomes 3. Conduct the assessment with the target audience 4. Analyze the results

WHO SHOULD I INCLUDE IN THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS? • Target audience members • Key Enactus team members • Community leaders • Businesses involved in the project • Others who are knowledgeable about the community

HOW DO I START A NEEDS ASSESSMENT? Begin by doing a high-level examination of the sustainability context: Economic, social and environmental concerns or trends relevant to the target audience of the project Utilize existing census data, surveys and other local reports

THINGS TO CONSIDER ENVIRONMENTAL • Climate and landscape • Actual or potential disease, pollution or natural disasters • Waste management • Infrastructure and raw materials available ECONOMIC • Seasonality of prices, production and employment • Industries or major sources of employment in the area • Average income • Unemployment rate • Unemployment causes SOCIAL • • Demographic data Population trends Access to affordable education Health-related issues and trends Role of the government History of conflict or discrimination Cultural norms and practices Other organizations doing development work within the community

ENACTUS PROJECT PROCESS SEE OPPORTUNITY Livelihood Assets TAKE ACTION Livelihood Strategies ENABLE PROGRESS Livelihood Outcomes

UNDERSTANDING LIVELIHOOD ASSETS & LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES Meet with members of your target audience to learn more about current livelihood assets and livelihood strategies • Interviews • Focus groups • Public forums • Direct observation

ENACTUS PROJECT PROCESS SEE OPPORTUNITY Livelihood Assets TAKE ACTION Livelihood Strategies ENABLE PROGRESS Livelihood Outcomes

UNDERSTANDING LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES Investigate the livelihood strategies the target audience is currently utilizing What is and is not working? How are these decisions shaped by cultural norms, laws or external forces? Does your target audience have a different strategy they would like to try?

ENACTUS PROJECT PROCESS SEE OPPORTUNITY Livelihood Assets TAKE ACTION Livelihood Strategies ENABLE PROGRESS Livelihood Outcomes

UNDERSTANDING LIVELIHOOD OUTCOMES Finally, determine the desired livelihood outcomes of your target audience Outcomes categories match asset categories Desired outcomes must be identified by the target audience to ensure sustainability

KEY IDEAS TO REMEMBER: Your team should not assume they fully understand the target audience group, be prepared to listen and learn Be sure to consider any potential conflict or negative outcomes that may result from your project A needs assessment form is available in the Enactus Team Handbook 2014 -15 for your reference

CASE STUDY: BOTTLEPRENEUR SEE OPPORTUNITY Target audience: Low income, unemployed Desired outcome(s): Increase in income and confidence. An improvement on the recycling in the city. Livelihood asset(s) available: Knowledge on recycling (human), need for improved recycling in St. John’s (natural) TAKE ACTION Livelihood strategies improved or introduced: Recycling businesses created that employs these low income individuals

Enabling Progress SOCIAL FINANCIAL § Increased average income to 2 x min wage § Increased financial literacy NATURAL PHYSICAL HUMAN

Enabling Progress FINANCIAL § Fewer recyclables reaching landfill § 1. 8 million recyclables this year NATURAL SOCIAL PHYSICAL HUMAN

Enabling Progress SOCIAL FINANCIAL NATURAL § Bottlepreneurs feel they are a valued member of community § Degrading act of ‘dumpster diving’ no longer required PHYSICAL HUMAN

Enabling Progress § Bottlepreneurs taught skills in customer service, logistics, and other areas of business SOCIAL FINANCIAL NATURAL PHYSICAL HUMAN

Enabling Progress SOCIAL FINANCIAL NATURAL PHYSICAL HUMAN § Introduction of safety equipment § Creation of better equipped collection carts

REVISED JUDGING CRITERION: OUTCOMES MEASUREMENT AND REPORTING

HOW DO WE MEASURE IMPROVED LIVELIHOODS? Outputs • Direct product of project activities • Measured in terms of volume or work accomplished • Examples: revenue increase, tons of waste diverted, or people with access to education Outcomes • Benefits or changes for target audience • Influenced by the project’s outputs • Examples: empowerment, changes in behavior, growth in knowledge, condition or status • Reporting outcomes must involve quantifiable metrics

DIRECT VS. INDIRECT IMPACT Direct Impact • Individuals the team worked with directly • Skills and knowledge learned is implemented in their lives • Requires team to follow-up with target audience Indirect Impact • Individuals who interact with the project but the team did not work directly with them

DIRECT VS. INDIRECT IMPACT Example: A team works with two local coffee shop owners to improve their business model, increase sales and make it possible hire five more people Direct Impact: 2 people (the owners the team worked with directly) Indirect impact: 5 people (additional employees)

ENACTUS PROJECT REPORT • Captures basic project information: dates, target audience, project description, categories, partners, etc. • Identifies key livelihood asset metrics for each category The Project Report is available in the Enactus Team Handbook 2014 -15

JUDGING PROCESS: INDIVIDUAL TEAM EVALUATION FORM Assess the team’s effectiveness in: Seeing Opportunity • Conducting a thorough needs assessment with the target audience Taking Action • Using entrepreneurial action Enabling Progress • Measuring and reporting direct and indirect outcomes • Empowering people • Improving livelihoods in an economically socially and environmentally sustainable way Samples of the Individual Team Evaluation Form and Cumulative Evaluation Form are available in the Enactus Team Handbook 2014 -15

QUESTIONS?