Reviewing Key Terms Write the term that best

Reviewing Key Terms Write the term that best completes each sentence. county municipality special district zoning market value real property infrastructure revitalization gentrification metropolitan government 1. Basic facilities such as streets, water lines, and public buildings make up what is known as the infrastructure ____________ of a city. 2. The government does not tax property on the ____________, or the amount of money the market value owner may expect to receive if the property is sold. 3. To promote economic growth, local governments have tried ____________ through large investments in revitalization new facilities.

Reviewing Key Terms Write the term that best completes each sentence. county municipality special district zoning market value real property infrastructure revitalization gentrification metropolitan government county 4. In the South and in rural areas __________ government is important. 5. Local governments may use ____________ zoning to control growth. real property 6. Local governments rely on ____________ taxes as a main source of revenue. 7. Some people feel that the best way to address urban problems is reorganization using metropolitan government that serves a large region. ____________

Reviewing Key Terms Write the term that best completes each sentence. county municipality special district zoning market value real property infrastructure revitalization gentrification metropolitan government municipality 8. Originally, a charter for a ____________ was much like one that states granted to corporations. 9. A public school district is a ____________ special district established by local government. 10. Sometimes called “displacement, ” gentrification ____________ has often changed the character of an urban area.

Recalling Facts 1. What document specifies the powers and duties of local government? The state constitution specifies the powers and duties of local government. 2. What are three main forms of municipal government? The three main forms of municipal government are mayor-council form, commission form, and council-manager form.

Recalling Facts 3. What is the single largest public service provided by local tax revenues? The single largest public service provided by local tax revenues is public education. 4. What is the biggest government expenditure for many large American cities? The biggest government expenditure for many large American cities is social services.

Recalling Facts 5. Describe four kinds of population shifts in metropolitan areas since 1950. Cities and suburbs in the South and West grew rapidly, cities in the Northeast and Midwest lost population, the population of small towns and rural areas increased, and people moved from inner cities to suburbs.

Understanding Concepts 1. Federalism What is the relationship between a state and a municipality within that state? The state creates the municipality by granting it a charter to govern.

Understanding Concepts 2. Political Processes Why did some state supreme courts rule against using the property tax to pay for local schools? Some state supreme courts ruled that using the property tax to support local schools was a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of equal protection of the law. For example, a wealthy community with a large tax base can afford better public services than a less wealthy community with a small tax base. The court held that the practice discriminated against students in poor communities.

Critical Thinking 1. Making Comparisons Use a Venn diagram like the one below to compare a local government’s charter to a state constitution. Local charter: provides structure and rules for local government. State constitution: provides structure and rules for state government. Both: established by state officials.

Critical Thinking 2. Identifying Central Issues In your view, which of the federal government’s goals in dealing with the illegal drug problem is the most important? Why? Answers will vary. Some students will support prevention, others treatment, and still others controlling the supply.

Interpreting Political Cartoons Activity 1. Whom do the two figures represent? Uncle Sam (the United States federal government) and United States cities

Interpreting Political Cartoons Activity 2. What statement is the cartoonist making about the state of cities? Cities are experiencing difficulties because of a lack of funding and unfunded mandates handed down from the federal government; cities are disabled and need federal attention.

Interpreting Political Cartoons Activity 3. According to the cartoonist, what can the government do to help cities? The government can send more funds to cities and take a bigger role in solving urban problems.

By population, what are the five largest cities in the United States? According to both the 1990 and 2000 census, they are, in decreasing order: New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Philadelphia.