Review tissue type n general functions of blood

Review tissue type? n general functions of blood? n what is plasma? n components of plasma? n hematopoiesis? n RBC structure? /function? n CBC? n

Blood: Lesson 2 White Blood Cells and

White Blood Cells (WBC) aka: leukocytes

General Functions: n Protect against disease n Movement by diapedesis: squeezing between the cells of blood vessel walls and ameboid motion: selfpropulsion

Types of WBC’s 1) Granulocytes n nleukocytes with granules in cytoplasm 2) Agranulocytes n nnon-granular leukocytes

Granulocytes n Neutrophil : polymorphonuclears or polys n Definition: type of phagocytic leukocyte n AKA

Granulocytes: Neutrophils cont’ n Characteristics nfine cytoplasmic granules w/ powerful lysosomes nlobed nucleus w/ 2 -5 sections n. Sampling: 54 -62 %

Granulocytes: Neutrophils n Specific cont’ function: nphagocytize smaller foreign particles ndamaged cells release chemicals that attract them! (inflammatory response: the battle begins!) n http: //www. goldiesroom. org/Note%20 Packets/06 %20 Transport/00%20 Transport--WHOLE. htm

Granulocytes n Eosinophil n Definition: WBC w/ cytoplasmic granules that stain w/ acidic dye

Granulocytes: Eosinophils cont’ n Characteristics ncoarse, uniformly-sized cytoplasmic granules nstain orange-red w/ acidic stain nbi-lobed nucleus n. Sampling: 1 -3 %

Granulocytes: Eosinophils n Specific nkill cont’ function: parasites and help control inflammation / allergic reactions

Granulocytes n Basophil : WBC w/ cytoplasmic granules that stain w/ basic dye n Definition

Granulocytes: Basophils cont’ n Characteristics n. S-shaped indistinct nuclei nfewer more irregularlyshaped granules nstain purple-blue w/ basic stain n. Sampling: Less than 1 %

Granulocytes: Basophils n Specific cont’ function: nrelease heparin, (which inhibits blood clotting) and histamine (which promotes inflammation)

Agranulocytes n Monocyte : type of WBC that is a phagocyte n Definition

Agranulocytes: Monocytes n Characteristics n 2 -3 cont’ x greater in diameter than RBC’s nnuclei vary in shape: round, kidney, oval, lobed ncan live for several weeks/months n. Sampling: 3 -9 %

Agranulocytes: Monocytes n Specific function: nphagocytize particles foreign cont’

Agranulocytes n Lymphocyte : type of WBC that provides immunity ; B-cell or T-cell n Definition

Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes cont’ n Characteristics nsmallest WBC; slightly larger than RBC’s nlarge, round nucleus w/i cytoplasmic ring nmobile and may live for years n. Sampling: 25 -33 %

Agranulocytes: Lymphocytes n Specific cont’ function: nproduce antibodies that attack specific foreign substances

WBC by relative abundance! n Never n Let n Monkeys n Eat n Bananas X

WBC Formation n Colony Stimulating Factor n Interleukins n Released in response to chemical signals (inflammatory / bacteria)

White Blood Cell count (WBCC) n Definition: # of WBC in a cubic 3 millimeter (mm ) / microliter (µL) of blood

White Blood Cell Count (WBCC) n Range cont’ (5000 -10 000 cells) Leukocytosis: total # of n WBC’s exceeding 10 000 / mm 3 indicates acute infection n. Example: appendicitis

Leukocytosis

White Blood Cell Count (WBCC) n Range cont’ (5000 -10 0000 cells) Leukocytopenia: total # of n 3 mm WBC’s below 5000 / indicates viral infection n. Example: typhoid fever, influenza, measles, munmps, chicken pox, AIDS, poliomyelitis…

Leukocytopenia aka: Leukopenia

White Blood Cell Differential n. Aka: DIFF n lists percentages of types of WBC’s

White Blood Cell Differential cont’ n. Purpose n. Relative proportions may change in particular conditions n 1) neutrophils ↑ during certain bacterial infections n 2) eosinophils ↑ during certain parasitic infections / allergies n 3) certain type of lymphocyte ↓ in AIDS cases

Platelets aka: Thrombocytes n Characteristics n Fragmentation of megakaryocytes from bone marrow n Incomplete cell w/ glycoproteins on surface n Capable of ameboid movement for 7 – 10 days

Platelets cont’ Count n Normal varies from 150 000 – 400 000 / mm 3 n Function n Close breaks in damaged blood vessels and initiate formation of blood clots n

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