Review Simple Sentences l l l Are independent

Review: Simple Sentences l l l Are independent clauses Consist of one subject and one verb A prepositional phrase consists of a _______ and its ____. European immigrants arrived at Ellis Island.

Review: Simple Sentences l l A subject tells ____ or _____ is being talked about in the sentence. The three types of verbs are: – – – l Action verbs Linking verbs Auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) T or F: A verb can be made up of more than one word.

Compound Sentences • • Coordinating conjunctions Semicolons • • Transition words Transition phrases

Compound Sentences l l Are made up of two or more independent clauses (simple sentences) One way to form a compound sentence is by joining two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction preceded by a comma: – European immigrants arrived at Ellis Island, but Asian immigrants arrived at Angel Island.

Coordinating Conjunctions FANBOYS

Coordinating Conjunctions l l Join two ideas of equal importance. Describe the relationship between two ideas, showing how and why the ideas are related.

Coordinating Conjunctions Different coordinating ideas have different meanings: To indicate addition, use and: He acts like a child, and people think he is cute. To indicate contrast or contradiction, use but or yet: He acts like a child, but he is an adult. He acts like a child, yet he longs to be taken seriously.

Coordinating Conjunctions To indicate a cause-and-effect relationship, use so or for: He acts like a child, so we treat him like one. He acts like a child, for he craves attention. To present alternatives, use or: He acts like a child, or he is ignored. To eliminate alternatives, use nor: He does not act like a child, nor does he look like one.

Coordinating Conjunctions l l When joining two independent clauses, always put a comma before the coordinating conjunction. Do not use a comma unless you’re linking two complete independent clauses: Incorrect: The cat hissed, and ran away. Correct: The cat hissed and ran away.

Using Semicolons l Another way to create a compound sentence is by joining two simple sentences (independent clauses) with a semicolon. – l The AIDS quilt contains thousands of panels; each panel is rectangular. A semicolon generally connects clauses whose ideas are closely linked.

Using Transitional Words & Phrases l l Another way to create a compound sentence is by combining two simple sentences (independent clauses) with a transitional word or phrase. In this case, a semicolon always comes before the transitional word or phrase, and a comma always comes after it: – Some college students receive grants; however, others must take out loans. – He had a miserable time at the party; in addition, he lost is wallet.

Transitional words and phrases l Adding a transitional word or phrase makes the connection between ideas in a sentence clearer and more precise than it would be if the ideas were linked with just a semicolon. l Different transitional words and phrases convey different meanings.

Transitional words and phrases l Some signal addition (also, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, etc. ): – l I have a lot on my mind; also, I have a lot of things to do. Some make causal connections (therefore, as a result, consequently, thus, etc. ): – I have a lot on my mind; therefore, it is hard to concentrate.

Transitional words and phrases l Some indicate contradiction or contrast (nevertheless, however, in contrast, still, etc. ): – l Some present alternatives (instead, on the contrary, otherwise, etc. ): – – l I have a lot on my mind; still, I have a lot of things to do. I have a lot on my mind; otherwise, I could relax. I will try not to think; instead, I will relax. Some indicate time sequence (eventually, finally, at the same time, later, meanwhile, now, subsequently, then, etc. ): – I have a lot on my mind; meanwhile, I still have work to do.

Review l l l A compound sentence is made up of _____________________. Coordinating conjunctions ______ two ideas of equal importance and describe __________ between two ideas. An acronym you can use to remember coordinating conjunctions is _______.

Review l l You can also use a _____ to connect clauses whose ideas are closely linked. When using a transitional word or phrase, a _____ always comes before the word/ phrase and a ____ always comes after.