Review Qs Quantum Model Structure How many sublevels

Review Q’s: Quantum Model Structure • How many sublevels in the following principle energy levels? • n=2 n=4 • How many orbitals in each sublevel?

Quantum Model • Bohr’s energy levels are now called principal energy levels (definitely NOT orbits!) • Principal energy levels are divided up into sublevels (s, p, d, f) • Sublevels are further divided into orbitals.

Bohr Model (orbits) Shell Model (principal energy levels) Quantum Mechanical Model principal energy levels �sublevels �orbitals

Quantum Model 4 s p d 3 s p d 2 s p 1 s https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=BMIv. Wz-7 Gm. U f

Electron Configurations • Tells location of every electron in atom • Notation used: Pxn P = principal energy level x = sublevel (s, p, d, or f) n = number of electrons in whole sublevel

Electron Configurations Rules for writing: 1. Only two electrons per orbital 2. Electrons enter lowest-energy orbitals first

Electron Configurations Two ways to know order of filling: 1. Diagonal diagram 2. From the periodic table

Diagonal Diagram Sublevels in columns Principal energy levels in rows 6 s 6 p 6 d 6 f 5 s 5 p 5 d 5 f 4 s 4 p 4 d 4 f 3 s 3 p 3 d 2 s 2 p 1 s

Diagonal Diagram Draw diagonal arrows from bottom right to top left. Read one arrow at a time. 6 s 6 p 6 d 6 f 5 s 5 p 5 d 5 f 4 s 4 p 4 d 4 f 3 s 3 p 3 d 2 s 2 p 1 s

On the Periodic Table • The periodic table is broken up into blocks associated with the sublevels (s, p, d, f) based on location of outermost electrons for each atom. • For example, any element in the first two columns have their outermost electrons in an s sublevel. Therefore, these two columns of the periodic table are called the s-block. • Li, Na, Mg, K, Sr, etc.

On the Periodic Table s 1 s 2

On the Periodic Table • How many electrons can a p sublevel hold? • How many columns on the periodic table make up the p block?

On the Periodic Table s 1 s 2

On the Periodic Table s 1 s 2 p 1 p 2 p 3 p 4 p 5 p 6

On the Periodic Table • How many electrons can a d sublevel hold? How many columns on the periodic table make up the d block? • How many electrons can an f sublevel hold? How many columns on the periodic table make up the f block?

On the Periodic Table s 1 s 2 p 1 d 2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 d 7 d 8 d 9 d 10 f 1 f 2 f 3 f 4 f 5 f 6 f 7 f 8 f 9 f 10 p 2 f 11 p 3 f 12 p 4 f 13 p 5 f 14 p 6

On the Periodic Table Principal energy level based on row number: For s and p blocks: principal energy level = row number For d block: principal energy level = row # MINUS ONE For f block: principal energy level = row # MINUS TWO

Si Ca Ni Po

• What elements are the following: • 1 s 22 p 4 • 1 s 22 p 63 s 23 p 64 s 23 d 7 • 1 s 22 p 63 s 23 p 6 2 4 s 3 d 104 p 65 s 24 d 105 p 1

Practice Long Hand Electron Configurations • Cd • B • P • Ba • As • I • Na

Review • Write the Long Hand/Expanded electron configuration for the following elements: • Sn • Ga • Y

Noble Gas Electron Configuration • Place the following Element using the Noble Gas/short hand electron configuration: • Sc • I • Ru • Fr • Fe • F

Practice Problems • Write the Noble Gas Electron Configuration for the following: • Tc • Zn • K • I • P

Orbital Diagrams • Orbital diagrams show electrons fill each sublevel • s has 1 sublevel • p has 3 sublevels • d has 5 sublevels • f has 7 sublevels

Review Write Orbital Diagrams for the following: • 1. Si • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5. Mg Sr K Fe

Practice Write the Noble Gases (Short) Electron Configuration and Orbital Diagram 1. B 2. S 3. Sr 4. Ag 5. Na

Review • Write orbital diagrams for the following: • 1. Cs • 2. P • 3. Cr

Diamagnetic and Paramagnetic • Diamagnetic elements have ALL of their electrons paired up • Ex: He, 1 s 2 • Paramagnetic elements DO NOT have their charges paired up • Ex. Li, 1 s 2, 2 s 1

Determine which of the following are diamagnetic or paramagnetic • 1. Ne • 2. Mg • 3. Mn • 4. Zn • 5. S • 6. Ar

Practice: Write Orbital Notation & determine if paramagnetic or diamagnetic • 1. Ne = 10 e • 2. Mn = 25 e • 3. O = 8 e-

Practice • Which of the following elements are paramagnetic or diamagnetic: • Cd • Rb • Ge • Ar • STOP

Orbital Diagrams Draw a box (or line) to represent each orbital. Draw up and down arrows to represent electrons.

Orbital Diagrams of equal energy Rules: • Electrons enter degenerate orbitals singly before pairing. Electrons will not pair up in an orbital until they have to. • Electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins. (Arrows represent spin. )