REVIEW OF RUSSIAN I 2016 1 4 voiced

REVIEW OF RUSSIAN I © 2016 1

4

voiced unvoiced Б П Г К Д Т З С М Н Л Р RULE #1: Voiced consonants Б, Г, Д, З are pronounced as their voiceless counterparts at the absolute end of a word, phrase or a sentence. сад глаз [сат] [глас] (a garden) (an eye) RULE #2 (A): Voiced consonants Б, Г, Д, З are pronounced as their voiceless counterparts П, К, Т, C before any voiceless consonant etc. in a word or at the juncture of two words in a sentence. ло дка мозг визг [ло тка] [моск] [виск] (a boat) (brain) (scream) RULE #2 (B): Voiceless consonants П, К, Т, C are pronounced as their voiced counterparts Б, Г, Д, З before any voiced consonant etc. in a word or a at the juncture of two words in a sentence: сдал c до мом к до му [здал] (turned in a paper) [з до мом] (with a house) [г до му] (to the house) 5

Special Questions что -what [што] Кто -who Что э то? Э то дом. Кто э то? Э то журнали стка. General Questions Да -yes Нет -no Э то дом? (Is this a house? ) (general question) Да, э то дом. (Yes, it is a house. ) (positive response) Нет, э то стол. (No, it is a table. ) (negative response) 8

Nouns & Gender Nouns: words that name persons, places, things, phenomena and ideas A noun may be substituted by a personal pronoun он (masc. ), она (fem. ) оно (neuter) masculine: "zero" ending ends in consonant, й с ж у р н а л feminine: т о л д о м и с т ends in "a" к о к н и г а м н а т а м а neuter: ends in "o" о к н о д е р е в о о б л а к о 9

Family Members and their Gender females мать/ма ма (mother) дочь(daughter) сестрa (sister) ба бушка (grandmother) женa (wife) тётя (aunt) племя нница (niece) же нщина ( woman) males оте ц/па па (father) сын (son) брат (brother) де душка (grandfather) муж (husband) дя дя (uncle) племя нник (nephew) мужчи на (man) 16