REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Two Major

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Two Major Parts of Review of Related Literature Conceptual Research Literature

Conceptual Literature It contains literature coming from books, journals, and other forms of material, concerning or relevant to the study, but are data-free or non – empirical material, coming from both foreign and local sources.

Research Literature These are empirically – based, like scientific paper, theses, and dissertations, both published and unpublished, coming from local and foreign sources.

Purpose of Review of Related Literature Ø It gives researcher several ideas on how to select and formulate his own research problem. Ø It helps the researcher identify studies that have been done related to the topic he is interested in. Ø It avoids possible duplication of similar studies. Ø It guides the researcher on the possible theoretical framework he can use for his current study.

Ø It gives direction to the researcher on how he will create his own conceptual framework. Ø It allows the researcher to browse several kinds of research designs, sampling techniques, statistical procedures, questionnaires and processes of presenting, analyzing , and interpreting data, from where he could base his own choice for his paper. Ø It gives a picture of a comparative analysis between variables used in reviewed materials and those used in the current study.

Bases for a Good Review of Related Literature ØThe review material must be current. ØLiterature and studies reviewed must be relevant to the study. ØFindings or result of reviewed study should be objective and free of biases.

Ø The data used in the reviewed materials should be scrutinized in terms of sampling technique used to ensure that generalizations are based on normal population. Ø Reviewed materials related to the current study should be enough to establish a strong and viable trending of result.

Sources of Related Literature and Studies Graduate theses and Dissertation Encyclopedia of Educational research Books Internet sites and resources (website, e-journals, e-books) Dictionaries in related subjects

How to Write the Introduction of a Review of Related Literature Identify the general topic of the sources under discussion. Thus, you will provide the context of your review of related literature; Discuss what was already presented about the topic of your paper: conflicts in a theory, conclusions, gaps in research and scholarship, etc. Explain why the literature used is worth reviewing

Works by single author According to Flippo (1984) proper job performance is achieved only if employees are trained because they will improve their skills. Flippo (1984) stated the relationship or training and performance, thus: “After personnel have been obtained, they must be to some degree developed. Development has to do with the increase of skill through training, that is necessary for proper job performance. ”

Works by multiple authors When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the reference occurs in the text. In parenthetical material join the names with an ampersand (&).

In the narrative text, join the names with the word "and. " as Leiter and Maslach (1998) demonstrated When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs. Kahneman, Knetsch, and Thaler (1991) found