Review of Indirect Statement Indirect Discourse 1 2

Review of Indirect Statement (Indirect Discourse) 1. 2. (Page 278) 3. 4. In Latin when a simple statement is indirectly quoted, the verb is changed from the indicative mood in the direct statement to the infinitive in the indirect statement, and the subject is changed from the nominative to the accusative case. 5. Direct statement: 6. Indirect statement: that the man Vir ambulat. The man is walking. Dicit virum ambulare. 7. He says is walking. 8. Difference between English and Latin Indirect Statement 9. English Latin 10. The verb is finite. The verb is in the infinitive. 11. The introductory word that is used. There is no introductory word. 12. The subject is in the nominative case. The subject is in accusative case.

Nota Bene: (Page 278) Indirect Statements usually follow verbs of mental action, such as say, tell, know, think, hear, perceive, and the like. These verbs should be memorized: dico (3), say, tell scio (4), know puto (1), think audio (4), hear nego (1), say not, deny video (2), see nuntio (1), announce, tell sentio (4), feel, perceive existimo (1), think Sequence of Tenses for Indirect Statement The present infinitive denotes the same time as the main verb; The perfect infinitive denotes time before that of the main verb; The future infinitive denotes time after that of the main verb.

Do you know that Caesar was killed in the first century before Christ? Verb 2 nd. Sing. Pres. Act. Indic. Noun Subj. Acc. Masc. Sing. Infin. Perf. Pass. Ind. Disc. Adj. Noun Ablative Time When Neu. Sing. Prep. Noun Obj. Prep. Acc. Masc. Sing. Scisne Caesarem primo saeculo ante Christum interfectum esse? Many thought that Caesar would not lead the army across the river. Noun Verb Subject 3 rd. pl. Nom. Perf. Masc. Act. Pl. Indic. Noun Subj. Acc. Masc. Sing. Adv. Infin. Fut. . Act. Ind. Disc. Noun Prep. Noun Dir. Obj. Prep. Acc. Masc. . Neu. . Sing. Multi Caesarem exercitum trans flumen non traducturum esse existimaverunt.

In English there are four participles: present active and passive and perfect active and passive. In Latin there are three participles: present active, perfect passive, and future active. Latin Present Active Participle (Page 282) Present Stem + ns (Nom. ) ntis (Gen. ) Verb Stem + ns, ntis = 1 st voco vocare voca 2 nd moneo monere mone 3 rd rego regere rege 3 rd capio capere capie 4 th audio audire audie + ns, ntis + ns, ntis = = = Present Active Participle vocans vocantis calling, while calling monens monentis warning, while warning regens regentis ruling, while ruling capiens capientis taking, while taking audiens audientis hearing, while hearing The Present Active Participle is declined as a third declension “i” stem with the exception of e in the ablative singular, all genders.

Present Active Participle voco vocare call Present Active Participle = vocans vocantis calling, while calling Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Abl. Nom. Gen. Dat. . Acc. Abl. vocans vocanti vocantem vocantes vocantium vocantibus vocantes vocantibus vocantis vocanti vocans vocante vocantia vocantium vocantibus vocantia vocantibus calling, while calling