Review of European Small Boiler Regulation and Technology
Review of European Small Boiler Regulation and Technology Louis Fontaine Department of Environmental Protection Augusta ME 04333 (207) 287 -7010 louis. fontaine@maine. gov July 11, 2006
Overview n n European Test Method Emissions Standard Technology Effect on Competition and Innovation July 11, 2006
EU Standard EN 303 -5 n n n Adopted 1999 Solid Fuel Boilers Up to 300 k. W ( 1 MMBtu) Applies to fossil and biogenic fuels n n n Coal, logs, pellet, chips, etc Automatic and hand stoked Construction Standards, Test Method and Emission Standard July 11, 2006
EN 303 -5 Test Method n Two Firing Rates n Nominal and 30% load n n 50% load allowed for hand stoked models Logwood Fuel Can be Soft Wood or Hard Wood n “Net (lower) calorific value (waterfree)” n n July 11, 2006 Hardwood – 18, 000 k. J/kg
EN 303 -5 Test Method n Parameters Measured n n n CO 2 or O 2 CO Organic Carbon (“OGC”) “Dust” (Particulates) NOx when applicable Efficiency n Ratio of delivered useful heat output to heat input July 11, 2006
EN 303 -5 Test Method n Measurement Type All parameters are monitored continuously n ECXEPT n n “Dust” n Minimum of 4 individual 30 -minute samples July 11, 2006
EN 303 -5 Test Report Example “OGC” “NOx” “Dust” July 11, 2006
EN 303 -5 Test Method n Passing Grade Varies by: n Boiler “Class”: 1, 2 or 3 n 1 = dirtiest; 3 = cleanest Boiler Size n Fuel: Biogenic v. Fossil n Stoking: Manual v. Automatic n July 11, 2006
EN 303 -5 Emission Limits July 11, 2006
EN 303 -5 Efficiency Requirement n n Measured and calculated similar to ASTM Varies by size, stoking and boiler class Feed Method 10 k. W 200 k. W Hand-stoked Class 3 Hand-stoked Class 1 73% 83% 53% 62% July 11, 2006
EN 303 -5 vs. ASTM Europe North America Mostly Indoor Boilers Mostly Outdoor Boilers Logwood Fuel Several Species 4 X 4 Oak 2 Firing Rates 4 Firing rates 4 Discreet PM samples 1 PM sample over entire test run July 11, 2006
Europe vs. North America Pollutant Modified M-28 Advance (Class 3) Wood Boilerc Particulates 960 -4130 mg/MJ a 600 -2100 mg/MJ b 60 mg/MJ (Austrian Class 3) EN 303 -5 Class 1 Boiler Class 3 Boiler CO 25000 mg/m 3 150 mg/m 3 1750 mg/m 3 150 mg/m 3 TOC a. Intertek Results for “Brian” b. Intertek Results for “Rick” July 11, 2006
Advanced European Small Boiler n n n Ceramic Lined Firebox Downdraft Air Supply Controlled by Electronic O 2 Sensor Separate Water Heat Exchange Separate Heat Accumulator July 11, 2006
HS Tarm Solo Plus Lamda O 2 Controller Fire Tube Heat Exchange Ceramic Firebox July 11, 2006 Down Draft Air Secondary Air
HS Tarm Solo July 11, 2006
Heiztechnik-Guntamatic July 11, 2006
How Do We Handel Difference In Test Methods Apples and Oranges or Macintoshes and Granny Smiths Before and After cases from European July 11, 2006
Swedish Boiler Study Particulate Emissions d Old-type water-cooled boiler with up-draught combustion 87 – 2200 mg/MJ Modern ceramic wood boiler with down-draught combustion 18 - 89 mg/MJ d. “Emission characteristics of modern and old-type residential boilers fired with wood logs and wood pellets”, L. S. Johansson et al. / Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004) 4183– 4195 July 11, 2006
European Particulate Emission Estimate e Logwood Hand Stoked Boiler 0. 238 kg/GJ Hand Stoked Class 3 Boiler 0. 019 kg/GJ Removal Efficiency 92% e. Wood Combustion in Domestic Appliances Prepared in the Framework of EGTEI, Final background document version 2: 12/10/2005, Prepared by CITEPA, Paris July 11, 2006
Result of Strict Regulations and Incentives in Austria n n 30% of Households Heat with Wood Logwood Boiler Efficiency Improved 1982 – 61% n 2000 – 90% n n 10, 000 Advanced Wood Boiler Installed Each Year July 11, 2006
Result of Strict Regulations and Incentives in Austria July 11, 2006 AFB-net Newsletter, September, 1998, www. etsu. com/Europ/AFB/contents. htm
Result of Strict Regulations and Incentives in Austria July 11, 2006 AFB-net Newsletter, September, 1998, www. etsu. com/Europ/AFB/contents. htm
Result of Strict Regulations and Incentives in Austria n Average Cost of Logwood Heating System $7, 500 U. S. Dollars energytech. at –Solid Biomass, a Technology Portrait Vienna, August 2000 July 11, 2006
Future Prospects n n n Existing Technology Can Improve Performance and Increase Efficiency Europe Can Provide A Model For Industry and Government Wood Boiler Sales Can Increase While Emissions Decrease July 11, 2006
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