Review of CausesEffects of Exploration Desire for wealth

Review of Causes/Effects of Exploration

► Desire for wealth from trade ► Spread Christianity throughout New World ► Competition for National Power that came from the wealth § Made countries to desire more trade

Trade Routes ► Crusades opened up the Far East using the Middle East ► Italians controlled the monopoly with the Middle East § Italians got rich while Europe protested ► Europeans searched for new routes

New Technology • New ships – Caravel • Navigation tools – Compass – Astrolabe – Sextant • Spread of knowledge – Printing press

►Portugal ►Spain ►France ►England

Portugal ►Invent caravel ►First to map all water route to Asia around Africa

► Columbus Spain sailed west to find Asia ► Granted territory by Treaty of Tordesillas ► Spanish conquistadors claimed much of America ► Encomiendas/Slavery ► Colonies § New Spain § Peru

FRANCE Sought the Northwest Passage ► Cartier § Explored the St. Lawrence River ► Established fur trade ► Colony ► § New France – Champlain & Quebec

ENGLAND ► Sought Northwest Passage ► Cabot § Newfoundland, Canada ► Hudson § Hudson Bay ► Established trade fishing

►Destruction of Native American Empires ►The Columbian Exchange ►European Americas ►Slavery Colonies in

Effects on Native Americans ► Death by disease ► Killed by the Spanish ► Loss of freedom and culture ► Encomiendas – Native Americans Serve as labor on plantations until African slavery takes over

Mercantilism ► Colonies exist to make profit for European country ► Favorable balance of trade § Colony produces raw materials for the country § Colony buys finished product from the country

SLAVERY ► African slaves brought to Americas to replace Natives § Introduced by Spanish & Portuguese ► Middle Passage § 12 Million Africans taken from Africa § 2 Million die during journey to America

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

Thinking Map Cause and Effect European Exploration of the Americas